                           ˿µϣ20130915գ

13.09.15, ˿20139º
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ΪԭҪĵش¸ֵġ

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˵ġ仰˵ġǽǸոտʼΪҵ
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ķ֮š÷ķˣݲԱά˹Ben Nevers
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ҡҡͷ˵Ժûˡ߶ʣûбİ취
ҡͷ߶ڼ֡ҾͶ˵СָͷֲӰɻϵҩһ
ˡ߶ھε˵ϾÿЦ˵޶ˣ
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Ǹ߶һ˲ݹϵ˵ǵİְҪõսѡ

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áԺ˵˭ҪҶźˣʿʮСʱֵ
߶˵ҿɾͰ˽ˡ˵žͬǳȥˡ

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˽ûһ˵ǲġ

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ʰˣһ΢ЦҸоôˮϴֲŪ
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ס˵˳һƻһƨҴ߿ʼƤ
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ˣУҵƻãгС飬ǩҿιһŵ
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ͷŤŤȥŤ

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ŴСҸ󲿷˶ʶ˼ҵĶϾò

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ѽŹˡҾͰˡ

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˵ԲˣԲˡ߶߷˲ͣظǼвˡݻĵ
¶ˣһûꡣզˣ˵㣬㣬ġ

극Ҳˡ߶͵¥ϵĿͷʱԸ˵
֮֮漸죬Ȼгȥ۲
Ǹţ𳵣ɻಡ߶ֳһȻǶЦˡ

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Աˣǽ䱸ĵ綯Сε÷Ȼ
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Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

 ӻǱ˵á

Фë

һ

һԺʱûʺϷ飬ҿʼԼż٣ÿ
ڳ¼ԣŴ߿顣ǰóһ̡
ϵ衷The best of country & western Vol.2Aĵһ
ġ򡷣Puff, the Magic Dragon׸Ҳ֪
ˣȴûעʵݡǣŴĸƬ˿ĸʡ
ȻұʵסˡҲȫζⷴ
øˡ룬ͨиһ˵ӢĻ
¹ӡǡΪ֤һ㣬ұ

Ҵ򿪵ԣ磬ڰٶȰٿзһƪ̸ۡ򡷵£

и˵׸Ҫ̸СӳḶ́Իĸܡ
еPuffʵΪһ鹹ôӰ亢СʱϲСߣ
Ͱ˦Ϊ󣬶鹹ĶѲȤˡ 

ӢpuffԭӦʣ̻ʱpuffǸ
֮ٿк֮Jackie PaperJackieǳƣJack
Ӣ֣paperΪȴӢʮѧ
Լ̸ǳɳʱͯһװ(Blank Tablet)ָ
ͯĴûгеսթһװ棬ȴ
̻Ⱦϸָӡеpaperǻˡװ桯֮˵
ӢָͯʱʳáitӦһĺ塣Ǳ
׸ĺˡȡΪpuffΪСкȡJackie Paper
ֽȾָͯĴJackieָ֮״ͨԡ 

ôƪJackiePuffһʱͣжҪ
񣬺ҲҪ֡к뿪puffεӰ£
ѻγԱȡ֮󡣺ιʣеСкϲ
һߣͯΪ¡澳У
ݺ۳ңֽȾۼʧȥͯɹͬʱҲ۶
ᡣ

ɳǲתḶ́ÿ˶Ҫboys  menḶ́Ȿ
ȻɣȻɥʧȴǿɱġ̸the loss of innocence
ʱʵ׷׷ͯʧȴڵ 

Ц׸豻ָӰ䶾Ʒ飬ۺ¼Ҳѽô
أԭЩ뵽СкJackie PaperǴƷľֽ
гֵautumn mistָʱỊ̇land of 
Hanah LeeҲ˵ĵHanaleiǣԭPeter, Paul, 
and Mary Ϊ˷ͳǣǿذѸͶƷϵԣʱ
ͣݳԽPuffĸƷ߸ɴ˵ҩ
ĻþNewsweekϻһƪרдиĶƷϢо
ᵽPuff׸衣2000ĵӰMeet the ParentsУ׸Ƿ
ƷϢչһۡһ1958굮ĸ赽2000껹ᣬ˿


֮ƪΪ򡷵ǡthe loss of innocence
ʧȴĴ棩ǣƪ·Ƿ׼ȷأо֮ǰ
ǿӢİάٿô˵ɡ



ӢİάٿƣĳЩ˵ٶȰٿеƪ²һҸ
άٿƣɡ˵á޺ֶӡPeter, Paul 
and Mary¼1963꣬ɵ¡ն٣Leonard Liptonͱ˵
ҮޣPeter YarrowĸΪʲô֮أһҪ1959
һ˵죬19Ŀζѧѧɵ¡նܵʫ˰¸
ǡOgden Nash19021971Ķͯʫ̢Ĺ¡The Tale 
Of Custard The Dragon1936дһСʫʫнһ
ϵСкܻ£Jackie PaperˣĹ£Ск
ڳԺͯʱðջʧȥȤ뿪
е¶;ɥʫеġϣСкȴ Ҳʾ
ǸСкѾȥɵ¡նʶ˵áҮ޵ѣ
¡նñ˵áҮ޵ĴֻдʫȻ¡Ժ
һѸɵ¡նٴ绰˵˵áҮѰҪʫ
İȨ˵áҮްʫıΪʣɵ¡նٹʵ
Ȩ

˳˵һ䣬ڣΪ׸ԵԻ˵áҮݳ
ϣСкȴ һʱĳˡϣ
Ůgirls and boysȴֵһǣ׸б
һ仰ҵһӲҸһ棬˵áҮɾ
ȥ仰ɵ¡նٶǵľݣԭʫĴָҲʧ
ˡ 

1961꣬˵áҮ뱣ޡ˹ͼPaul Stookeyά˹
Mary Travers齨ˡ˵á޺ֶӡ1962꣬ǿʼݳ
򡷣1963꣬ǰ׸¼ƬMoving֮С

򡷺ܿߺ죬Ӣȵܻӭ֮ǿʼ²ĸ
ݡ1964ܿNewsweek׫ƣ
ʵдģеСкJackie PaperPaperָ
̵ֽ̾rolling papersеdragonԽΪ
draggin'̣Puffָ̣joint

²ԽԽ㣬λȴϸ붾ƷĹϵ˵áҮ
˵йءͯɥʧloss of innocence in 
childrenĸԶ׼ģûб˼

˵áҮ޵ֶӻ鱣ޡ˹ͼҲͬĹ۵㡣1976꣬ޡ˹ͼ
ϤԺ¼ˡ򡷵ݳ档ݳУһ
Уָ׸йأСкJackieȴ顣
ţԺڣԸһ𳪣ͽͷš
ڸһ𳪣ںϳ֮ö˰

ˣȻΪ򡷵ĸйأƶ
дֵwww.urbandictionary.comϲ鵽жHonalee
е򾭳ڴˣĽͣ

1סеǸǡͯ
ǡ

2ڸУָеautumn mistָ
Ʒ



ᵽͯ˵ͯ꣩˵֮⣬и˵˵ء
ҵһƪ<>͡A new interpretationby Swami 
Dharmananda˵

PuffԭʼҲͨڵֵShakti
ΪӡȽָÿ˶еġҮ
˵תСӵʽϲýHonalee
˵PiHANAkaLanIдΪص
紦Honaleeǿڵϸ֪õĵط

ƪвˡʶҡ٤㡱֮
شʻ㣬ɽֵģۻңͲժˡܿȴ
ߵĹֲͱʾɣΪƵʵ̫ˣ뿴ý
ϵۻ˵桪ȥ˵컨׹·Щȫ
ԳԽ˹򸣿ƷƵģ˲֪Ƕ˵
ѡЩƷ硶¥ΡͽӹС˵Ȼһļֵ
ȴνۼñߣȻǾͻʧȥ˷롭

л˵Ǽۡ򡷵ĸʰɡݾʲôأ
ҪƲ⣬Ҫһ򡷵ĸԭĴ⣺

Puff, the magic dragon 

Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the seaסڴ󺣱ߣ 
And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honalee.
ˣ
Little Jackie Paper loved that rascal PuffСܻϲ

And brought him strings and sealing wax and other fancy stuff, oh
ϸߡöޣ

Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the seaסڴ󺣱ߣ 
And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honalee.
ˣ
Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the seaסڴ󺣱ߣ 
And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honalee.
ˣ

Together they would travel on boat with billowed sailһ
С﷫
Jackie kept a lookout perched on Puff's gigantic tailܻ
Ĵβϴ̨
Noble kings and princes would bow whene'er they cameֻҪǣ
ͻϹ 
Pirate ships would lower their flags when Puff roared out his name, 
ohֻҪԼ֣ͻήģޣ

A dragon lives forever, but not so little boysϣС
ȴ 
Painted wings and giant's rings make way for other toys.
ȡɫĳ;˵ԲȦ 
One grey night it happened,Jackie Paper came no moreһ
ϣܻ²¶棩
And Puff that mighty dragon, he ceased his fearless roar.
ηغУ 

His head was bent in sorrow, green scales fell like rain
ԴɫƬ׹䣩 
Puff no longer went to play along the cherry lane.Ӵ˲ȥӣ
ˣ 
Without his lifelong friend, Puff could not be braveû
ѣҲ¸Ҳ 
So, Puff that mighty dragon sadly slipped into his cave, oh
˵ɽޣ



׸ʣ뵽ľǷZ˹Ķƪͯ
С˹ƪͯУСк˹ڲ˵ժʮ㶹ԣȻ
СŽˮԼ龰Ȼ뵽һ
ͯӢղķ˹ﴴġ˵áˡСʱСŮ
µϸԶ᳤˵á˷ɵϷԺµҲܸ
ű˵á˷ߣŮȴԡ

ΪʲôأΪҾá򡷵ģ

һ죬иСкȥˣһ
ߡСкϲߣΪHonalee
ˣˡкΪʲô߽أӢУpuff
Ϊð˵еܹͨģpuffڴ˵
˼磬Ϊۡ

ǸҪľߣкϸߡö
ϸߴԼΪϵסߵģԼǽˮƷԱΪ
ճѾ۶ϵĳ򣩡Ȼкֻۣ
¸ҵðյ龰ǣܹҪСкҲ⡣Ск󣨻
˵ͯʱϲǡߡҵȨƵȵȣǡ
ɫĳ;˵ԲȦΪɫĳ򡱣Painted wingsָ
òɫķΪճõĳΪ˵еģ
˵ԲȦgiant's ringsĻȦųк
󣩡

ͨϣСкȴһΣѾȷظ
ǣʵһ԰Ϊͯꡢͯꡢ
ϵ۵ȵȣ֮ڳɳʧȥĿɹĶϲа
򡷵ȴô    

˵ʵǰλвдʵĳɷ֣һȫ
ַĵԴɫƬ׹䡱ΪС
߳ͯ꣬ڳջƬѾ׹
䣩ֻƾͯ꣩⵽䣻

򡰲ȥӣˣҲΪСк߳ͯ꣨ӣ
пкסأͯΪcherryһҲдŮ
ͯк֮ͯ⣩

ûѣҲ¸Ҳָͯꡢ
ͯϵ

򡰱˵ɽָͯʧȥܻ˸еź
Ըһĳط㣨˵һ㶼סɽ
ͨвƱΪڵġ

⣬кΪʲôҪסػHonaleeأһӢֵ
鲻HonaleeʣΪܿɵ¡նĵ
֮Ϊܵʫ˰¸ǡĶͯʫ̢Ĺ
¡ǰ˵

ҵ̢Ĺ¡ԭģȫ¼
Ĺ£һбմСŮסһС׷棬һССĺ
мͬ飨СèīˮСգۡСƹĩСմ
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ĺˣŵǹСèŵòУ̢ȴ¸ҵسȥԵ
˺

ڡ̢Ĺ¡߰¸ǡۣ

ʲʫǳءѺϽβԻĵϽС
ʱһѺϵҪ󡣡˵ʫĬģ
Ϊʫʹ˷ЦΪЩʫᵽСţ
ֲдǵģӦһӺͳ֮Ļɫ
򡣡

ͷٿ̢Ĺ¡߰ѹеa realio, trulio, 
little pet dragonrealiotrulio߸reallytrulyԴģ
ᵽclimbing in the windawindaӦǸwindow
ģĿǰһеBelindaѺϡ

Ȼ¸ǡܹΪˡѺϵҪ󡱶һʡܵ
Ӱɵ¡նΪʲôͲܴHonaleeJackie 
Paperأ

֮һ仰ܽĻһ˵ӣ
Ǳ˵áˡ



Ҷڡ򡷵ĸʿҲйֲ֮ϺѧʶĿ
ǰֻ⵽̶ˡ׸ȷʵһӰ
졣

ӢİάٿƣԽսڼ䣬ǰAC-47ͧAC-47 
Spooky gunship򡱣׸Եʡ1978꣬׸
ıΪƬ1983꣬׸豻ıΪͯ硣2007
꣬׸豻ıΪ汾һҳĻϣʶһС
ŮСŮܸľѾJackie Paperϲ˵
ʽĽ֡

ƪּβ֮ʣȻӢʫ˻Ȼ˹ʫӽ֮ʾ
Ode: Intimations of Immortality18021804Ȼ˹ڸʫΪ
ࡰϵ߶ڵʱûгȥȻòԶ
ʱȴӰΧ£

룬ɳźģǿڳɳѰͯ꣨
˵ϵۣʹҲҲѰһЩģӡ󣬾ӽ֮
ʾ˵  

ǵĵǳ˯
ͬꡪ֮ǣ
ڱĵط
ʱȴԶ٣
ûгȥ
ûȫ¶壬
ƣϵ߶
ǵļҾ

16:46 2013-8-6 Фë

¼

The Tale Of Custard The Dragon1936
̢Ĺ

Ogden Nash

Belinda lived in a little white house, 
With a little black kitten and a little gray mouse, 
And a little yellow dog and a little red wagon, 
And a realio, trulio, little pet dragon. 

Now the name of the little black kitten was Ink, 
And the little gray mouse, she called her Blink, 
And the little yellow dog was sharp as Mustard, 
But the dragon was a coward, and she called him Custard. 

Custard the dragon had big sharp teeth, 
And spikes on top of him and scales underneath, 
Mouth like a fireplace, chimney for a nose, 
And realio, trulio, daggers on his toes. 

Belinda was as brave as a barrel full of bears, 
And Ink and Blink chased lions down the stairs, 
Mustard was as brave as a tiger in a rage, 
But Custard cried for a nice safe cage. 

Belinda tickled him, she tickled him unmerciful, 
Ink, Blink and Mustard, they rudely called him Percival, 
They all sat laughing in the little red wagon 
At the realio, trulio, cowardly dragon. 

Belinda giggled till she shook the house, 
And Blink said Week!, which is giggling for a mouse, 
Ink and Mustard rudely asked his age, 
When Custard cried for a nice safe cage. 

Suddenly, suddenly they heard a nasty sound, 
And Mustard growled, and they all looked around. 
Meowch! cried Ink, and Ooh! cried Belinda, 
For there was a pirate, climbing in the winda. 

Pistol in his left hand, pistol in his right, 
And he held in his teeth a cutlass bright, 
His beard was black, one leg was wood; 
It was clear that the pirate meant no good. 

Belinda paled, and she cried, Help! Help! 
But Mustard fled with a terrified yelp, 
Ink trickled down to the bottom of the household, 
And little mouse Blink strategically mouseholed. 

But up jumped Custard, snorting like an engine, 
Clashed his tail like irons in a dungeon, 
With a clatter and a clank and a jangling squirm 
He went at the pirate like a robin at a worm. 

The pirate gaped at Belinda's dragon, 
And gulped some grog from his pocket flagon, 
He fired two bullets but they didn't hit, 
And Custard gobbled him, every bit. 

Belinda embraced him, Mustard licked him, 
No one mourned for his pirate victim 
Ink and Blink in glee did gyrate 
Around the dragon that ate the pyrate. 

Belinda still lives in her little white house, 
With her little black kitten and her little gray mouse, 
And her little yellow dog and her little red wagon, 
And her realio, trulio, little pet dragon. 

Belinda is as brave as a barrel full of bears, 
And Ink and Blink chase lions down the stairs, 
Mustard is as brave as a tiger in a rage, 
But Custard keeps crying for a nice safe cage. 


޵˵ȥ

ӽ

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 ۡ

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ԱسϣȥǷֱعʷʶܸ
⡰ԱسϣȥͬԴԱسйҲˡǶ
ϣˣҪйë󶫵Ļڶźˡ컹
԰仰˵һ飺ǶйˣҪϣ
仰ԱĲص㲻ͬ϶Ϊһ򡰼ݲΣ

ӡ顢·Ϊ£ִܻڿѧֻҪ
ȤѰҲǿԡŴһֲһƪ£
ġ˴ȥϣһˣϣ͹ϣĹУ
Ȼ᲻ʱ뵽ں͹ȥйͷչһϣйΪ˫
ʷѰĹ켣ҸдĶ࣬Ҳڳ嶯֮£˼
ġȫʷᣬξۡʱšĵνӡ
ȤѣԼͬС

ĴŹô۵ģ

ֱŵĺ٣ڲðţǶ˴תٷ
ŵĻƱ֮ҴϣƥǺչ˾ķɻƽ
뵺ŵȥһǧңһСʱٽŵʱӷ
ȥΪɽغ꣬Ҳһũˮտе
岼ر֮һ뵽ŵ䣬Źϣ  
ɵһɳ羴֮顣

ϣԺӰ޴۶Ϊ֮ǣָժ֮
Ŵۺ۲죬ϣһ͡
ֲġꡱܵ󲿷ֵ˵ĸ߶Ƕһ
ȴ֪ΪҴСܵĽǡĴŹ
ͱסӡȺйźûϣ

ʻкܶࡰĴ󡱣ĴĴĴŮĴ
ϵѧĴĴ˵ȵȡĴŹʱԺ
С˵еĴ书һԽԽ񣬹ҲԽߡԼ
λУȻǺܹٵ顣ʱƣ
⡣𽥷йȣЩ࣬ϣӽ
Ϊʲô˵Źأ

ĴŹ˵֮ҲνǴ˵ȴЩ塢
˵ݡ˵һ˵֮ᷨڹٷ䣬ȥ
̫ʵ˵Ϊ쳯Ծӵйܶʷγ
ʶ19ͣŷʷѧ߰ѹϣУӡ޺ӡ
ƺӡĸںԵĹΪһࣨʱӡȺδ
֣ϳfour major early civilizationsֱΪĸҪ
ơĴ˵ڣɽѧ1873-1929
ᵽġĴŹ

䷨ʧܺձ1900130ҹдʫһף
Ϊʮ̫ƽ衷ʱһǡ
ʱڶǡںʱΪʱͨȫʫ
ԷһʫôʲϽߵ֪ʶޣ˵
١

ĴŹʫдģ֧ӡԸϢ
ʱһͣʼйɽעϿСϸǼ
֮Ϣ֮ϹģйӡȡСϸ
Ҳ

кǷϸ⼸֪νĴ󡱵
СϸðϢ棬Ϊ˴ʫ֮Ϣǹ
ǣҪڵʣСϸǰǰ뵺
޲֣ҲŰͱе
кϣڶͣͬͻв޵ĺ
ͻƺǴ󣬶ʮõ̫ƽˡ

ķ۲˵ȫ޵̫ƽ͵
뻹ǰհԣڵᷨһꡣҲкܶݲ׼ȷ
йĲƺֱĩҲδγɡںֻǡ
ӣۺϷĸֵȶΪѧߣһƶ
ܵǿ裬ϣܾĸ䷨ͼǿдʫ׳־ˣ
˸жߣѧ߷1946꡶ġдǲ
ǿ¶ţϣйŶ޽Ωҹңببɡ
Ϊսʤ£ڵʱ֮£նȻѪڡ
ϸƷζ侲ܾýе㲻ײࡣ

Ϻû˭ĴŹ쵱ѹһͷ
֮ʣƵĹ۵ܶ࣬ҲҪľʳ˵ȻΪ
ȴٱἰԵΪ䡣ѧϵĲϽ֮⣬ʫá֧
ǡһָйǴҲԸõҪԭ

֧һΪָйձֽʹãûб塣
ŴҸʱùţ纺޺гĹ㷺ʹõ
ضʻ㡣19ҶԺáйһרָȫá
ͬʱձйľ޴Ӱ죬ԡ֧ǡһҲ㷺ʹã
ʫСһ1929927գϺ걨ǳ
ë󶫲ʵϢԪдһʫҷͷĹ࣬ϳ
ݺᡣ˼ԭʣ֧ӻʫĩע
ɽëͬ־ǰʫˣҲԡ֧ǡһʫɼ
ʱ÷㡣Ǵ˺󲻾ãšһ±䱬չϵ
սͬˮ𡣴ʱл꣬ѹáйһʣ
ձȻá֧ǡƺйԴб壬ĳνֱ
ڣ֧һȻУձٷѾá䳳ʱһߡй
̱ɡ֧ǡһԡСձܡȴӦԿ

ҵĸŽͬڵӲסй۵ΪӦù
áҡһʡʵϳ˹Ű֮⣬
ڶѱΪһҡͱ׾͸޷
[1]ӡȺйΪʱ䳤ֱ׶ʷǿʹù
ҵĳνѳϰߣøı䡣ӦʶֻǺϰߵһַ
졣ڹڣĴĴŹãʵǰߵĵǿ
ߵĹҸ𡣶𣬾ִĹҸ
ʷʵز

ӿŷԳΪ־ĵ
ֱΪШ֣޺֣ӡȺӡ
֣ٺܱߣ֣ƺ򣨼׹ģ򣨹ģ
ӡ⣬ִ󲿷ܱʶӡȺӡȺ
ıӽص׷ʵֹΪ
ʱ죬Ҳɿϵ֤ݣ֮ĹֻƲ⣩Կ
ѧǶ¡ڽӡʷʱڵϵǰ
֣ԹĹӡҲ԰ӡȺ

ҡ˺Ĺ£Ҫչ

ע

[1]һϰ˵Ҳʵ
һ򣬻ԼͳΪֵء
áһʣֵָء

ǧôģ

лһɼȳλ˵еǿƵǳƵۡ
ۡŮ洡ȵȡؽʹ㳡Իǿͬ
СĻ̨γϷ޿ɺǣ˲ơ¹ظòʧ
һĻֵǽ壬ȴǳΣա
ɰͰ͵ļӦȣЧԶ缸ٰ֡߻һ
ǿҰʾӣ׻Ĺ⻷ҪժҪǷԣ
档Юʼ£лǧһܻұ
Уֻһʴӡ

СʱһСǧ꡷һƪдģΰ
зǳƾõʷչŴĴͳ˵Ӵ˵еĻƵ۵ڣԼ
ǧʷͨǧꡱ

һͳ˵ͨ͡20ͳΪ˲д
ʶȤʱҲǧꡱ֮˵ﲻȷΪ
ഫɽ1912дġƵޡлǧ꣬ԯԹŴ
ָϳƽҡΨȡƪǷΪɽ׫д
ʣΪɽȫвմģͬɽд̫Ԫ
ġǡǧꡱ֮˵衶Ƶޡ㣬Ƶиü
ɽʯ̡ĳ׳־۹⿴ݲ͹ۡ
һ䡰ΩȡڼӦõ
ͬǻصʱȫ⡣ΪĩΪʵƷ
Ŀ꣬׼¶ͬʱĻҲһɳݻƵ۵ȳ

Ƶ۵Ļ֮ӳ̶Ȳߡػ
ʷŴϡ٣Կһ㣬ĳЩɽͼ׻޷
ȣʿʫҲἰһңѼƵ۵Ļ
̧̫ߣҲ棬Ҳ֮١峯ĩ꣬
Ϸ塢˼ɿףйͳĻогߵλľѧ壬
ԵĺļֵܵسѰƷĹУǳõ
ΣǻƵ۱¡Ƶǰ̨Ҳȷʵ˻á³Ѹ1903ʫ
ССѪԯ䣬ǵʱ֪ʶ̬ʵдգ
ǧ֮˵һʱΪۼһƷ

֮λֱ꣬й̨
ȻãҲ½1949ֻ֮Ҳͨ
˵Ĺڼ⿴ƷǳͨǹŴȡּȴΪͷ
£غͳ棬һĻô˾ıҪƷ壬
ҪȷµļꡣȷԴȨƣͬʱҲԿΪά
ĿӼ꣬ǸƵۼꡣ

Ƶۼľȷʱж֣200ꡣν
ţйͬ˻ر񱨡ʵ¿һƶϣͳһƵ
Ϊ+2698ꡣ֤£δӺʼأҢԪ
Ϊ׳֤꣬൱ڹԪǰ2357ꡣٸݽʸס͡Ң
ϹۣлƵλ100꣬껽84꣬78꣬෸
70ֿ꣬9꣬341꣬˻Ƶۼλ֮ӦΪԪǰ2698ꡣ

ӿŽǶȿлĵ֮ۡʱĸ߱Ͼǿѧң
иµʶԹʷδи֪ʶ壬ҲҪ񻰴
˵ʿ֮ԡΪļˣ壬ֲȡ֮
лǧꡱ֮˵ʵƵ۲йʷ˵㣬֮ϻ
ũ˵ȵȡƵʱĴ˵ָϳ֣Ѿ
ʱϵһЩ׼ԲѡȡƵۡ׼б䣬߻
ƣ̹żҲ֡

ʤƵۼʱռϷ硣1911֮ʡ
̶һЩ³ľ׷ʹûƵۼ꣬Աʾӵͣеĵ
ϵ峯ֽϼӸǻƵۼԱͨɽлʱ
ͳʱƵۼԪ46091113(191211)ΪлԪԪ
ͬʱֹƵۼꡣƵۼ̫鷳ʷʹѸ˳
ʷ̨ǧ֮˵ѱ㷺Ͽɣ

ʹǰո˵ļ㣬ҲҪ2302Źǧ֮
벢֣ʱһ˵ʮһҲġʱйʷǰ
Ųûȫչṩ֤ݡɴ˿ɼǧ֮˵
ȫǳҪ˺еһϵпŷ֣֧й
ԴۡΪһҪĽۣ֤ݣԽԽ
ҡǧ̫̣ǧһҽ棬ô
˵иأ

ڿѧУʷӦĻĻĶ
ϸרҵԽǿ쳣˵ĻĸһЩĻָ
δ֣巢չˮƽȽϵ͵ʱڣʯʱбھʯʱ
ͨΪʯʱʹĥʯͬھʯ
ʱĴʯũָԺʱ
ڣʼΪũҵ֮йҵ⻮ֵı׼гкͭ
ȣһ㹫ֳΪ׼ֵǰǷţֻߵĲ
첻ֶҪһܹ⣬ı־й
ϵĺܶʷŴءɽ侵ȣзǳ
ǾǧϣֻܳΪĻΪ

йֻܶϴ̳ǽϸϵʷʵ
ֻҪúͬı׼ֻ㵽̳Ҳ˵йʷ
ֻԼ3600꣬ҲشС֣õһȡǧĻƺ
ĻǧıɽĻǧϷĻܲûԻͣ
֮ʷһ壬ЩµķḻŴúԶԺ
ʷĻĻֻһΪ׼ԿѧΪݡѧ繫
ı׼ӦҪУеıȽϽʧȥ塣
꣬ظĻػƵۼһǧꡱѾΪ˵ָ
ʷָ̫̣ʷƫ߲ҪҲףעʹõĳϾˡ

йϹʷʶʷѧҹյĹ۵㾫ٶǡ۵
йʷۣժ¼¡

ʷǲ۵ɵģĴеϵͳǡһ
˼һ˵ʱ󣬴˵ĹʷܴĿŵ
ʱҢ˴սʱлƵۡũʣԺ
̹ŵȡڶ˵ʱ󣬴˵е󡱡˴
ʱֻһΪεʥҢ䡷ͳһΡ
ʥˣʱͳһТӵģˡϣ֪ĳ
һµȷ״֪ĳһڴ˵е״Ǽ
֪ʱĶʷҲ֪սʱĶʷǼ֪ʱ
ʷҲ֪ʱʷ

Ϊ˴ӹʷзֳʷʷջҪʷĻ


һԪĹ

ƵһͳĹ

ƹʷ˻ĹָеĹ˶˻

ƹŴΪƽĹ

յĹ۵㷢1922꣬ܵѧӡȻֲ֮
ۣ෽йʷҲʷʷзḻ
ŴʷϣķΧСʷʷ𽥷룬
ʷδֹͣǧ磬ͬ۵ķݳַ磬
γʶͬڿھṩʷȫòɴ˵еĸ
£ᷢչ֪ʶͬʱԽԽ֮󡣡ǧй
ΡľʽĹ˶ꡣҪչĻҪ
ӷḻϧ˵ɣϸٳǽ
ĿоԶҡǧ֮˵ΪйȻٺͰǰĳЩƵ
ݻƵۡΪϿϵȫĻͬ
ʱڵá

ĩɵܶϴ̣ϣ̽Ѱй֮Դܳɹ
ΰ룬ʧΪһĳԣΪٽ淶ѧ֮ڡ
ѧУֻѭͳһķͱ׼̤ʵصоƽϽۣܻ
ԣܹճʷıòֻѰաҲ¼ǧ
ʵҪΪԡʷ࣬ʷĻ
󡣻ᷢչ֪ʶͬʱԽԽ֮󡣡ǧй
ΡľʽĹ˶ꡣҪչĻҪ
ӷḻϧ˵ɣϸٳǽ
ĿоԶҡǧ֮˵ΪйȻٺͰǰĳЩƵ
ݻƵۡΪϿϵȫĻͬ
ʱڵá

ġΪεĹ

ӱ̰ǧ๫Լ11Сʱ7ʱǵһ
У֮ǰóͼֱ߱·ߣܾЩҪ
С³ľ롢ʲɡڱ˹˹ֱ̹߸˿֮
·ȽϡһпʹӢʹδԸƼ
տɵ˭֪ɻɲãҷԼһش󡣷·ʾ
ϱһ͹ĻߣһУ˳Ŀˡ
ǡҶձŷ޽紩Խɽԭȫͬ
ϸһĥŻȻ򡣵ͼƽͶӰΪչʵӦãһЩ
ΪڱԱķֱƽͼϷ͹Ļߡ
ԭֱʵһ°ĻߣԶˡ˵ĹʽΪʲ
ô߾ֱأĳУˡΪγȸߣ¶̫
û

ͱǹķԴأǺҪļ̳ߡγԼ
41ȣԼ40ȣǳ˳γ£һƽ棬λ
ĳн֣ŵ䣨38ȣ34ȣ͸33ȣ
ޣ30ȣ28ȣЩвǸԹ
ǿΪꡣĶΧΣԱΪ
Լǧ๫ϱҪڱγ25-40֮䣬Լһǧ๫ӵͼ
еԣܶ衣һڣ
ܹеҶڱ
صġ

ΪߴޡĴ½أ߷ֺ󡣱40%½أ60%
ϰ20%½أ80%ֵܵر¶ӰǳԣԶԣ
档ȻγȾ¶ȣɾڵγ
ȵ˺ռҪԵ컯Է棬γȵ
ռоƣγȵ߼Ĳ鶯ƣ˾
һԱγȲ𡢺½𣬶ֲֳַϱ졣½
Ͳ鶯ڱļʸߡ

ޡȣŷǴ½Ķȷǳԣ²Ҫڱγ
25-40֮䣬ټϱǣһȡԼ250ǰ
ڳĶĳǨ㣬Ļȴŷ
Ǵ½ͱǡ֮ʢ֮زһ£Ļв졣
˵ֱˣԼ15-20ǰҲڶĳأ1.2ǰ
һαڽʱѾϼеǴܻ
ŷǴ½ͱǡ˵¶ȼˮ׵Ķֲ
Ҳ½ֲ࣬ͬ㷺ʶһļ仯
ȴٽĽҲʹ˵ʳش仯ѡ
ʳõֲͶࣩͶţȣԽ
ѱһóɹڵٴЧӦǳ
ԡ߲˿ͬʱӳʮ
ϡΪʷڴǰܻ40١ͬʱŵţ
Ϊĵṩ˻ʯʱĩڣԪǰ9000ң
ֵأ͵кԼ򣩳Ķӵ㡣
Ӧáũҵࡢѱ졢ݽһϵм죬
ԵĻڵ֣Ӵ˱־ʱһУ
ڣֻŷǴ½ͱǵ

ĳʱ䲻ͬ໥ӰҲֵͬƾĳЩΪͻ
ƣԼԪǰ3200ȿȺӣŰͱס
ݡ°ͱ׵ȺͬʱǳֱԪǰ539꣬˹ľ³
ʿռͱףսǧõ鲨˹
һȽȷյ㡣ͨһ
硰ͱܸģʷ֮ӣһ˵
о󡣳оʷȱձ⣬
ȺͬʱڣֳӸӵĶԪԡ
߱ġ

ŰͬʱǳʼԼԪǰ3100꣬ڹԪ
ǰ332ɽĶҲѧ߳оǶȵĲͬ޶ΪԪǰ
30ݴάаͰ޺ŰԷΪ
ʱڣмвֹʱڣҲϣ
ʱŰµżڶ࣬Ӵḻ
Զ˾˵ƣӾЧϿŵһλ

ӡȺʷ׼أȫڿŷΪ֪1921
ֹ1922귢ĦޣһЩ½֣Ϊ
ӡȺԳΪӡȺڶڰͻ˹̹ڡӡȺҪ
нϴ͵ĳַͷḻӡ֣ʢڹԪǰ2500ǰ1700ң
ԭ꣬ӡϵҲӡȺԺӰ
죬һĬĹͣȥҴңʷ֮Уֻ±Ӱú˴
Ħ

ӡڹԪǰ1500ңһֻӡȺ
յ뵱ںϣչ𽥷չ׳
ףڹӡҲƷƶȣ
˷Ϊĵȣֱšɲᡢޣ͵Ȳļ
񡣾йʱֵȸӾ󣬹Ԫǰ321꣨һ˵324꣩ȸ
ڹԪǰ3ҶҰʱͳһӡȣ˹ӡȵй
ʱ

ϣйĹʱӡȺӵĹʱҲɫ

塢ϣԴ

ʷʱ˳ϣĵһվӦðȥص
ַ;ıڻ׷õ񻰡˹ţջŷްͣ
ŵ˹սʤŵ䣬ԹеĶţԵͯͯŮӢ߯˹Ĺ
ţջ飬Ϊ߯˹ԾӴ
һƬٺΪС麣

ȥصЩ鷳ֻܷһվɷ̳
˹ȥַ

ַΧҲһСׯĹģʨţ
طȻСͬʯͷչŷţ˽ܣ֪
Ƿݣǹ˸ԭͼҲкΰ⵱Ȼ
˵һܡ˲ݵĲƷһЩȻû𺳵ĸо
ǺŵĹҿŲݣഫǰ٤ũĽ֣Ҳֻ
ӡ֤ϵͼƬѡ

ʣյͷι۹м޴ءܣȫǻ
ֻ꣬һЩͰĹľСȻҪչʵ
ءҰԼܣǱ̫ɹ¡
ιнҶһΧǽַˣĸŮ
ϵŮһϣֲᣬϸʶĸ״ɫīһֳä
ȣһָǽڣͷϸ˸жһĻ
ǾòòҲĶʷԼĸܣ
Ҫ˼ˡ

ŷԴͷһǴӹԪǰ3000صŵ˹Ļ𣬴Լǰ
1800֣ǰ1600ﵽ߷壬˥䣬Ҫԭ
ΪһλɽнӿصĻ֣ϣ
ʼչҪڹԪǰ1600-1100䣬ͳηΧڵ
ϣϲ󱻱˻˹ϣڰʱֱ
Ԫǰ8ҿʼˣԪǰ5ʹﵽʢ

ΪŷɹȺ˳ŷ˽Ҫ˽Ű
1920翼ʷĻƽʱҿ϶һȥˡͨ
ŹߵŬͿƼȵ˽˻ĵĴ˵Ȼ
֮Ȼܶ࣬Ѿĵ쿪ͺ˵˵Ļë19ͳ
ʱŷӢǿڰ˹۹ϿչŹͨսӶ
ͨ򵱵عԱȡ÷ȨйΪһ׿²Ǵ
ȡõĳɼĿáɹһŷ޴½𶫷ȡǽ
ŷ֣֮Щȫǡӵ塱ȵĲʱҪȵʱ
֪Ĺϣ磬ôŷԴͷǷ磬أʱ
һλš

¹л1822-1890ᶨΪʷʫĹʵʷ
Сϸǵʼھ1873귢϶
ǣͬʱִ鱦͵˳˹۹Դ˴Ϊջ𣬽
ֹлתսϣ1876ɹھɹ
ŷޡĵλãȫ⵱ʱŷõԺС
»ûн1898˱ص1900Ӣ˼
1851-1941ڸõ򣬷ŵ˹ŷָһΣΪ
ʱֱǰˡ

غϳưĹϣǳһ
⡣ڿغӺ͹Űֽӽܵ
Ӱ죬ԭܵһЩɡдԵʨźͽ֣
Ӻ͹ŰѪԵϵĹϣƺԶЩ
ĸڣֻܿ϶ڵͬѪԵʱ˳ӣĳЩ
á˺͹ϣΪһ岢ΪҲͳΪϣ
ǴӴΧϣͰӦͬࡣغ
ʹù֣ȴϣֺ޹⣬
ҵɾ;˳̣ӿŴ漰ᷢչп
ɣϣǿҵʵͬһ·ΪҪǣϣ
ȷʵԴ

ӵͬϣǸ⡣䷱ʢʱڣ
Ϊܼ飬򶫷ֱΪƽ뵺ϲﵺͶ
ɰ뵺Сϸǰ뵺һƬУûһӣƽԭ١ɽ
࣬еֻ೤ĺߡ岼ĵտĴ󺣡ڹϣҲ
ժάũҵֱγɽءƽԭغ
ֲ䣬ǲϵĲȱȽũҵ
˿սֺ˥ǱȻ

Уʦڹѵĵطֵѧϰݡϣ
ܶŰӰǳԣΪʱڡ
Ȼ죬񲻿ũѧ֪ʶ;顣һˮһˣ
ϣֻ辶ͨѧϰա£бɫչ
·Ҫʦǵкˡ

й󣬵ȴʷΪʾԹϣ
ӰҪԶԶڰڽۺǵĵ
ֵصˣӵڹԪǰ16
ͬŰй㷺óףд˵ĴзһȦܲ
ţ˵Ҳ̾˵ʱ촬
뺽ͨóƶ򣬽ֳأ첣
ڶУСȴռҪλ

˵ֵһᡣᷢչΪһ
ڶʱѸٳ֣ȻڳƺݻֱֲӶ
ܶڽ̡ݶΪ롢ռo֮
صĻ¼ֺйļ׹дԡШԷḻ
кܶҵݡΨͼԸܷШֵĻ
ϴ֣ӱڼ¼Ŀʹóϣ
ոĽΪŷĸֵԭ͡ҵǶȿ˵
ڼϸȽ

˵̫С٣ֻóó׶
תóױش˳˹ũҵ۹Էչ׳主
ǿԺܲ޵ΪǺڷ޵ֳ̫
һεسĴ棬նʧ۹İͼС
ЩǱ˷϶ģڹϣ͹Уͨ
Ϊ̺ǿΪҵֺεˣʤֻ
дʷ

ϣҪѧϰóóҪпɹƷ
ϣƶ񤣬٣ֻʳԼˣ
ǰ֮ҹŰӵҲҪϣˣڿ
魡ѵȾͨӹեͣѾƣ
ƷӴ˹ϣ˲Ƹ֮ţ֮·ϴ̤ǰ
ʤԽˣӵжԡ

ʵеĹں˵ȫġǣ̫λ
أʶңѪͳȽϳﹷһϸ
ж˭ʵûбҪҪ࣬1
ڽϴͬһ򣬱˴˹ԽĲָͬ档2ĳ
ǿشӰɢ

Ŀݣݿѧ֣ڵ඼ǴӶĳص𽥷չ
㼣𽥱鲼أڼֹܶ֡Լ3.5ǰң
ˣ֣ˣɹ֣ˣ߼֣̳֣
ʯʱȡƣΪϳϼ֮⣬
ھн·ߺ͹̣ѧƶϺͼ裬
޵ŷȽϼ򵥣޵޺ʹ޸һЩԭʼ·ͼ
ĵͬʾ˴˵ĹŷǱǼбȻ
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ǰһĹйǶӦʶֵֻĶ
ԵģǾԵģֻڱֲԣб
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