                           ˿µϣ2019315գ

19.03.13-14ûи
19.03.15, ˿20193º
ʫƼ֮
ţGoodhelperͨ˵桢񣺿ѧΨһ
˿¶գHelloKittyص
Ǭɳĵûã
͡ܣӹ23ᣩ



ԡԡԡ¡ԡԡ˿ԡԡԡ
Σţסԣȣңţģӣ

ڣ
һž´

˿ΪĻۺϿѧʷءѧơ
յȷĿǰĸ̶Ŀţʡۣ˿
¶ʫ衢ɢġС˵Ǭʷܡ֪ʶСƷ
͡͡˻רѡÿʮճ棬ڳ
ר

ҳʰ棺󣮣硡
ڰ棺󣮣
ޡλ
Уӣѧ˾壮


졡֮
ʫ
졡 Ƽ
Ƽ֮ա
졡ڲ֮䣬˿
ţ졡ڲҵĻҲ
졡죬Ǹ౵ĩż
Goodhelperͨ˵桡졡Ķࡣ룬гɹһ԰
񣺿ѧΨһ졡ԵĻвҵһ
졡
˿¶졡ҽ벻֮䣬˿
졡𽥵㣬Ҳǡһ
գHelloKitty졡౵ĩżĶ
ص졡

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졡
Ѷסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ţסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ͨ˵

                   Goodhelper 

ΪϵֻһЩǡѣĸƷ٤
ԷԶһЩÿһһ̫ȵô󰡣
ʱǻԼվڵܿõϵ档ϵ֮
ɶ֪Ҳȥ롣

˹Զϵһ
ҲҪ갡ʵ̧ͷһЩУ಻ǡһǣ
һϵ

Ϊϵǧڸ̫һǡǧڸϵһ
ϵеġ̫ȵк̲еɳöడĿǰ̽
ֱ֪ǾŰڹꡣ

ɶأ֪Ҳȥ룡ڡ桱ĸָĿǰ
ļϢܹ֪̽档ΪֱԼ900ڹꡣ

أûСʼ֪ͨ͡
ԶǵĹ׶ɫƫƣ˵ǶԶǶȥ
ʻһĵʻĳǸߵʻȥĳǵ͵ڹУ
Ǹߵǵ͵

ǲ󰡣Ļôںܾúܾ
ǰǲСôС߸СȻͱըƵͿ
е˴ըۡԲ԰û
֪ǣǿһ£Լ130ꡣ

͵ĻôʲôƶͰ
һʱƶм͵ǻҩ塣ʲôƶ
أʲôڰأ֪ҳصĶ
Ϊ

Χ̫תΪ̫סˡǣ
зһܴܴתȦǲϸһȦȦ
ɶûСⲻ͹ֹתȦȦȦ
Ŀ϶жֻۿСޡҳΪ
ʡ

ÿһϵɣЩΧ
ϵתȦȦôϵĵǸɶżǧڸ̫
ΧתǵǶĶʹ֪ıʼ
㣬ôҲҪܴܴаԶ
ôĶʵ벻ͨɴͳڶɣһ󣬵
ܴܴĶ

۵ѹÿƽһҪǵȥĻ
ѹÿƽǧ֡ɣ룬̫ǵʮ򱶣
̫ĵѹǶ󰡣

ţܴܴ󡣴ܰΧԭӺתȦĵѹԭӺȥӺ϶
ΪһʹԭӺ˱һӡ̫֮Ĳѹ⣬Ϊ̫ĺ˷
Ӧ֧һ̫ĺ˾۱˥̫ͻ
һݣһӣǡһǿɱϲɽ
صöడ

ǣ130ֱ꣬զ900ڹأţ˵
汬ըٶȱȹٴöడϵֱʮ֥꣬
С͵ϵСֻ˲һʱ䰡Ų㣡

ΪܿͷһǱӰС˵
ǳǳϡġ̫һ̫4.5⡣˵
ϸСǵ̫Сһ̫ҲҪ30
ⰡΧ30תȦġϵˣǳ롣
˵ꡢڹ

Уӳֵʱ಻ʮꡣʹй
ˣ130䣬ʱغϵĿǺССġ

һͨǵǸɶأ֪ԼԴһ
޷֡һ֣ܽռ䲻
ɢ˿ŵ壬ܽɢ
ˮСԺأ벻Ҫٸʵ׺òðԼһ˼Ŀռ䡣
ڶֿܵĽǣ͵ľƶɢû
İڸ̫ڱ˴˵ʼһ㼯
޴Ͱѹӡѹ˺ڶѹεһԭ
㣡ȻԭͻͻȻըǺǣ¶ֿʼһֵĴ
ըܶ͡ʼ


           ѧΨһ

                        

ʮˣ۽гġ˵ۣ
ҲжĺǹΡһ֮ԡҪʱ
鼮ѧҡѧҵ鶼ó淢Уÿ
ϣԿ䣬һҡ¢ʽĽʵʾϴʽ
񼫵ĵطֶпӺйˣӰй60
Ρûκ۽ҲһҲˡ

ĸ￪ź󣬲Ҷҵۡ粨նġἰ
ˡ˵ġͨū֮·ȡЩۺȣ߼Ըǿȷ
ʵʹ˶Ŀһ¡ʵҲ˿϶֤

ﲻ̸ЩĶ̸ֻһ۹ڡĴҲ
ҵһҹ۵㡣

ڴѧѧϰ˼ξѧж˵ģ
ҪأˡߺͶˣͶߡߣ
ߡͶ󣬼ءԴȡԽ࣬˵Խǿ

һѧ˵ƺúȫ档ɵؾ͵̾
˼ΰ󡣵϶Խ˼һ£ͻó෴ĽۡЩҲ
׶԰ˮƽˡ

˵ˡҲȹŴ˶٣ֲԱȣŴ
ȴߡйˡӡ࣬ռ˿ڵһ룬ȴȲ
˿ںٵŷСûÿѧ֪ʶװͷԵˣûտѧˣ
ٶҲʲôӰ졣˵˲ıҪҪء

˵ߡߺܳ󣬵Ŵ˾ʹùˣ¡ͷӡ
ǹߣҲ٣˵ǲߡȽĹҪ
ѧѧ֪ʶϧ˼Ҳûп˵ߣ
ͲıҪء

˵Դءľġú̿ʯ͡صȣԴٶ࣬
ûѧѧ֪ʶȽߣҲǿɲġɳ
Ҳǲʹõġٶ࣬ûпѧ֡졢ѧʩҲֲ
ʳġй58ԾͶ޴կֲ
ҲǴ󼢻Ķˡ˵뿪ѧѧ֪ʶġԴҲ
ıҪء

ĸ￪Ժ󣬵Сƽʶ㣬ˡѧǵһ
۵㡣ֻǲԸ۶ϡѡҲԼҲû

ҵĹ۵ǣѧΨһǵһΨһ

ָУȨǶôк˼ǶôҪ


˿¶ססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

       Hello Kitty

                        ա

ֻèΪ̫Ưˡͷ沿
޳ģë໨һĻơһгչʾһֻ԰
èĶ

ֻè岻֪˭ҵģֻ֪ѧУĳλְģ
ģֻҰèʼʱһЩʳιèԵúܻ졣
èҽռ˼ȡHello KittyKitty

ǿռǲеġΪèУѧУﵽǼأ˷
Ҳ˳żػèҵҼңҼִͬ־ʱ޵ݡҲ
뽫ץסŽҵ·Ǳ·Ǳס
ţϲСм棬´ȾԻŰèԣ
Ҿȥ

һºĸɣ˵¼ҺãԸ
ءιʳʱ򣬹Ŵһʱ䡣èԺ
ֳȥˣǳУҲèѰҳ·򿪴
ʾҼҶ¥ȥ˺ܾãҲûǸɴɳ
˯һ˯һСʱһд棬һʱʱؿ
Ҳҵġ

Kittyʳġ׷߲ˡˮԣֻϲˮ
ƷżҲһԺͳȥУ԰¥ܡ
ʱҼִ˵ֻèʵͦиģȻǴ󸻴
󣬵ǳԺȲУȫбϣûʲôкΣա

Σżеġһǰһھһֻèֻè
KittyԸȫһ治һȥʱֻèܣ
ҼҶ¥ͿǴʱŭ𡣺ִҲ⣬
ֻèǣˮˮ

KittyĴܡɢʱȥ˷ڲٳ߿ѧ
ҳһֱҪһŵ
ˡʱѧ¥´߹Ҳװû
Ρ

ȥ°ʱ򣬸ιʳ˽è㲻Ҽˣ
ЩĻ䡣һKittyҵʱ
˵è죬¶Ĳ

ȥ׵ʱ򣬲֪ιʳ˵Եʣʲô
KittyֳҼҡͨڶ¥һǴкδ
ͬˡδKittyƺɵ˷꣬
Բ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬жҲ֮ǰݡͻþţ
ȻԸ⣬һͨԹèƺίתһߣ֮ػ
ҡ֮Kitty־ѾʧȥġһèҷָĴ
ʳԺƺʼҼҵͰƵֹҲ
СֽϵıʼǱϣԾˡ

ΪܳԵṩʳèҲǷѾĻڰڳ
ʱ򣬴Ӱ뿪ʽĳתͣð̵ͣ
ĽеķҡΧºò׽˶ָŽ
ڷǰͰ͵ҡðɣ˭ϲءҽŹĹͷ
ԣҲƺͦ㡣Ŀбӵضʮӣ
ɱҲĿбӵضҿʮ룬֮ʰ꣬ڵ
˼Ӻ뿪ˡ

Ϊˣʵˣÿιִʳԣ
ұߣΪңоᡣ

ҷһʳˣɣҲˡ


                     ص

                       

壬صͿ洦ɼġ˵з֮֡
ֺ֮ͺû֮֡ƽĶۣû˽ġ̹ҲģĪ
ǽƽƽˣص˽ͰҪԶԶ
ǵġ

עϵעϵ˼أô
㶨Ȼǻע⵽صͿˡ

Լũ峤ũԵʰɣںСʱұע
˼ءȥעϵʱȸеľص
ˡ磺ΪʲôļлΪʲôɫĻΪʲôļй
ߣΪʲôͬһĵܳƹҲܳϹϡ«ϡϻϣ
ΪʲôеĹϹееǿеģΪʲôгԸ
гԾгԻгԹгҶӵġ

ʱͷƵɻţҲܻЩɻȥѯ
ߵĴǡΪʲôҲᾡܵظָĴ𰸣Щ
⣬ɸĴ𰸲ǺǱģɡǴ𲻳ˣͲ
ͷˣͻ᲻õ˵ôġΪʲô߸ɴ˵ȥ
ذɣ

ұ֪еġΪʲôǶܹóˡ

Ƕ޷شˣȥ˭û취ġΪʲôֻڶ
Լĳɳ

ԼҲףЩ⿴Ƽ򵥣ʵûش𣬼
ʶ㣬ӵѧʣЩҲôûشġ

ܴ޷شġΪʲôҲС
ȥǡûСûСƺͱǣʵҶĻ
羴ġΪΣΪ޷شġΪʲôĴǣǶ
ޱȰޱҳϵġ

ɲɽϼңǶɽߵƫˮɽ£¹ȹ֣
¶඼ǻɾƬɽˮϣһ
һ͵ǡܽµƶ񤣬ȴ׾ض
Զ磬ûСΪӡճϢոһգ
긴һ꣬衣һ۷ǸĶضɽ

ֱɫĸĸ˵ǲʶ֣ǶǴ
ŵ΢ˡȻϧͶֹһأģ
飬ûꡣ˵Ƕ羴Ĥݵˡ

ӡģӵʱʱͶ
չļ϶ڽߣߣڿϿ»ǰݺֻҪаƴһ
СأǶŹᾡܵذϼòˣ¼
ѣɻæֻۣҪƬпգǾͻʱǳݡ
ˮʩʡӯŴȰϲúο塣ǵľŪ£ջ
ʱڣӯǷȱҲܻջˡջһԣܲ
ȣһҲ޾ľϲϣ֪Լ˫ֲ
͹Ϲߣǿ˵šʵϣֻҪ㲻ϧͺ
ˮظĻرܷӯöˡ

ҲʶֵĸĸǲϵࡰΪʲôģ֪
ڵز֪һڣѡ֪һˮһ
ˡֻ֪Ҫⷽվţⷽؾһǡ
ˣּ͵ǽµƬϣһ죬һ꣬һ
ӡ

ҵĸĸֻǵһӰΪ±ҵǺҸĸһ
۷һͣ޹һ㣬ܿѵĻĵضѳ
ׯڵضׯڲߡջļڣջջͶɹ
ΪΪϵ汲Ϳ
汲дɽʷһһ꣬һһ
ȥȥ˥棬Ӳϡˣһg֪鴦

һ飬һ桢ֺص顣֪ʱ
ءöⱾ飬㲻̫ܶⱾ飬ֻҪҵ
ĸҵһȰأػһҳϵģؾ
пʯҲΪ㿶Ϊ档


Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ĵûã

                      ɳ

һʲô

뷨;ķĺϳơ˵ҽѧϵ뷨ָضַ
ѨλѨķһָðƳɵİѨλ
ԴﵽƼĿġһֱΪҽɫƷʵ
ʷԶҽƾáƷԴ׷ݵʯʱ
Զ෢ʯ˵ġʯ̲Ҳ뷨ʹõĺ
ԭ͡Զڻùѧֲʹ
ݱΪڵľķƷԭǲҽҽΪ
ѴڵƷṩһԼĽͺͽһײ淶ѡ
ĵۻֱսġྭ롶ѾŻɵġ

뷨ǾķƷʽ̼ͨѨλʵֵġ͸
ƷԭĹؼҵѨλ֤ѨλĴھͳһ
޷رܵ⡣ҽΪѨλǾĵλƵھ
ȷǿüŵĹܵƵھ˳֮ʿƤڴˣ
ɶѭ֮ɽʶ֮дĿٵĽоС
ĿĽʮߣз֮䣬֮
ߣҲΪ䲻ΪҲʵǴѪ
ƤС𣨡̣֮Ѫ֮ǣ֮٣
ʮ֮ѪѪԶѪѪд
вֹܲݣ뾭߳٣УѪ٣
ͨȻʹᵽ˾ѪҺѭĹܵ
൱ҽ伮֤һ㣩ȻҽĹ۲ǳֲڣŪ
Ѫܵʵ򣬵ʮʵѪܲʲôν
澭ʮʮʮʮƤΪδҽ
ҽȴȻΪǲͬѪҺѭģδִѧҵһ
ϵͳأⲻǳѧղ桢ôҽѧ߷
ҽĸ빦ִܻҽѧԺ󣬾ǿаอ⻯
ԣھ֮࣬Ѫ֮࣬ʱ֮ࡱå߼һ
ġ

ҽҽ֧ĵһͽƱ֤Ѩλڣ
˵ҽҽ߼µһ֤ҽҽ۹
ˣå߼ѧֻ֤ĳڣ֤ڡ˭˭
֤ԭĳڵȻž֤񡣱ϵ۴ڵ
ӦԼٳϵ۴ڵ֤ݣΪϵ۲ڵ˾ٳϵ۲ڵ
֤ݣΪǲ߱ɲԵġϵ۲ڵ˲ұ
Ľ䣬ұнҲûҵϵۣŴڵ˻
ôһ䣺ϵۻ᲻ƽأ޵˲п
֤ޣ֤еһġˣҽҽ۾ٳѨ
λڵ֤ǰҽѧһΪѨλڡ

⣬߼ҽȵ֤ԼǿѧԳƿѧԳƿѧ
ǳѧ´ˡܰҽ۱Ϊαѧǿй
ѧչûиҽۣȫıĩáʵϾ
ѧƷ˹Ŵۻ߹ȥĴʶǷδֵĶ
δֻ֤ܽм˵˵ǲʵ֤ݵģñ
֤αѧҽ۵۾ݡ

ľǷЧ

ĿǰPubmedϿѵĹؼΪacupunctureĶ29285ƪ
ķ1827꣬νǾƷôȴûκһƪܾٳѨλ
ڵļʵ֤ݡЩĻΪ࣬һԤ֧֤
ЧΪĿĶģڶǶĶĳּǷЧ
֤ģͼʹı֤ȷʵЧҵû
ġ

Ŀǰо֣ĵЧʹõԿɿ֤
ЧԻֻǱΪοЧӦοЧӦplacebo effectָ
ȻõЧƣȴΪЧò֢״õ滺Ƶ
õĲҩƷǲ˶Կ
ЧģͿܻת˲
Чԣܻ񻯡ʹЧ밲οûԲ졣
Щ֤Чʵ鱨ʵƲ뱨ƫе
󡣶ΪϸĴ˫äĴڵǰοЧӦ
ʵЧͬʱдĿѧо֣ҽ׽
ʾ˶ԣƴĳЩЧڲҽ˶ԣĻ
ûЧЩо˵ظԽϲ[2]ֻʹֹȡ
ȷ޵Чεھѧ֤
Чԡ

ҽųκõ̱Ҳбԣڴһ
ԼԻ߲κƶ85%
Իڷںתʣµ15%Ҫ²ܿʼ
еĲȫԻ1ºȫֻ4%ĻԤϲ[3]
ΪĶ̱ЧȲԣĿǰ
ҵ֤Ķ̱ЧоܵͣҪʵƲʵ
治㣩[4]

бҽҽ۴ʵҲ档
νϸʱĲ1972꣬ͳɴŻûʱ
һ˸ʸĲۡνһͷβα
ݣʵЩĲ˶ǾϸѡģѡЩȽ
׽ʾҶʹϸߵĲˡڽ֮ǰҪ
˰⵱ΪʹҪмǿĸ־ۣܺ
ǰ͵͵ظ˴ˣȻڴ֮һ
ȣȴûнҽѧĵáΪһҽѧ
ҽѧֶζڣֱȻһַǳСڵĵλ
ʱΪֶζڡЩܹʡȵȵ
оǿЦ֪ѧоΪһʸ񶼲߱

до֤ĶĳЩڰοЧӦ2005ڡҽ
ѧ־JAMAϷһƪ302ƫͷʹߵоΪοЧ
ӦĵٴûơָȲƣܹû߸оã
ǼĶĻҲоתЧ[5]
ѧо߷ڡCancer־ϵУоѡȡ47λٰ
ߣRCT)һܰѨλ8ܣһƼģͷ
Ƥأֶҩ︱õ⡣ǳȻЧ
ԣûԲ[6]

2009ͼһоС鷢ڡڿҽѧ־ϵо
ͼԳۻߵЧȴͳҪãЧ
Բ[7]

һ2014ġҽѧ־JAMAϵоо
־ԸΪ4飺飨71ˣ飨70ˣ飨71ˣ
Լټ飨70ˣжȵضϥʹĸã
򼤹Ͱοټ飩Чû[8]

Ŀǰģ1162ʹ˲μӵٴ鷢2007ġ
ҽѧϡ¹׸˹ѧ˶˲ʿЩ
顢ͳ飬ͨȲ㡢ܿѨλ
淶ֶʹĲЧʵа󣬲˸оתı£
47.6%44.2%27.4%[9]һʵ
ʹõĲѨλΪʹЧǿȡ
̵ʽǿ˽ʾߵ͡

Щ֤ЧоļһشһصӲˣǾ
ԳƵ˫äʵ鶼ϸ˫äʵ飬ȱĶ飬
ֻǼ飨ͷƤأȱΪϸĶ飺
ѨλĶ顣һ570ؽ׻ߵоͬ
ҩƵ£黺ʹЧԺڼ飬
ǵ¹ֱ300900ƫͷʹߵоȴͲ
ѨλʹЧʹʹҩһЧЧһ֤ʹЧ
Ѩλ޹ [10]

֮ǰľ֤֪ʵʹЧ̱ʲ
ôѨλЧԲѨλ̲ĺλҲͬ
ʹЧ󲿷ֲǲֱܷרҵԱʱǷѨλ
ǷȷǷ׼ȷġȻ֤Чоֻ
˼飨ͷƤأǲ飬
Ѩλ̵ʵжաֲϽʵƻΪʵ
ߵĿˮƽޣʵ֧ĵʹȻ

ĵû

μʹĿǰֿܵĽ͡һּΪ̼ʹ
񾭣̼ĳЩڷĻյķڣ˻ʹ
áŦԼ޳˹شѧҽѧĵ񾭿ѧMaiken Nedergaard
оƲ⣬ʵ֯΢Ĵˣʹͷųһ
ΪյĻǡÿԳ䵱һ־ֲֹʹʹһּ
ĵЧʵһְοЧӦ [11]

ǰٽԣͼ֤ЧĳڿӰӽ
⣬һӲˡǾǶڰѨλ룬ȴûò
ѨλĶ飬ϸ˫äʵ顣Խһ˵
ͷȥļ롱Ҳ㲻ϸĶ飬Ϊļ
鲢ûһԲԵĴ롣ǷԲ
Դܻķõ;һӰ죬簴һּ
˵̼ʹ񾭣̼ĳЩڷĻյķڡ
ôûƤļûмʹ񾭣ûд̼ʵķ
ڣʹЧͺ̵ܿܲʵ顣˲Ѩλ룬Ҳ
ԴĶڽķԵüΪҪ

ҹףЩĶֻ̽Ϊܴ̼򼤻ͨ·
֤ݣѨλ֤ݹϵҲܳΪ֤Ѩλڵ֤ݡ
ʹΪܴ̼򼤻ͨ·Ҳɴ˷֤˻
֤ݵҽȷġ

ġڹϵ״

ƷĿǰȫձڵһƷѧ
ϻᣨWFASĵȫ202183ҴƷ
ЩƷΪҽѧҽѧڵġ֯
2003귢ġAcupuncture: Review and Analysis of Reports on 
Controlled Clinical Trialsгж֤ʵЧɼ֢
״״̬Ҫ֤ȷЧһЩԼû㹻֤֤Ч
ǿԳĵһЩ֢

оԺNIH벹ҽѧģNCCAMо
ڵġҽѧ1997NIHһݱָĶԳ
ĶŻºʹЧһ֤֧֣񫡢з翵
ͷʹʹ⡢άʹ֢Ĥʹǹؽסʹۺ֢
ȷ棬ĿһָƻɽܵƷʵơ
صӰ죬ЩоṩģɵĽڰο
ĵʵƵѶһӻ[12]

Ŀǰ5047ĵĺϷҽѧƷǵ
ʾ201811գĿǰ37886ִʦеݳΪ
ҽʦ򶫷ҽѧҽʦϸִտƶȣ
ļҽѧ֤ίԱᣨNCCAOMҪ󣬿߽̲Ͽɵ
ĻҽѧУѧϰĵؿγΪ1700-4000ѧʱõNCCAOMԺϸ֤
Ҫȡҽʸ񣬱ִּհ䷢룬
ȡִպעҽ

Ѿҽ𣿷Ҳʵϣͳֻ
20181024ǩһΪ H.R.6 ķġҽưĦȶ
ƷĿǰֻǱ˴ķΧԶԶûҽ
ҽҥѾҽδ
ҽҲΪľ۵õ˿ѧ
ϣֻ֤ǽΪһ־Ʒҽ

塢ĵķ

ʹǴڷյġ

淶˲ܵٴˣ2011Ӣһо42
ĵ˵İ[13]Ѫ̡ܴءֲȾҸΡ̲
۴ѧںڡӢҽѧ־The BMJϿָĿܴ
Ρ̵ȼ[13]ϸĤסӴƤԼˡ

1135λŲҽԲ˲ȡƣĵ鷢66ֲȾ
25ء31ʹ80֢197λʦ׵²
˲ʱ֢ƽеʾ132ԡ26ʹء845
[14]оԱΪʦܵϸҽѧѵô
زӦĿԻС[15-16]



һĲǰΰٲֻǶʹ޵һЧǲ
ҽҽ۴ô棬ֻܿǰοáĲͨѨ
λãõĿԹؼΪǷԵĴ롣
ǰҪ档

һҽѧҽѧƷΪҽѧһֲ䣬
ΪҽѧֶΡݵľαѧۣӢάٿ
ԴķΪαѧ۸ʺΪĻҽѧڣ
ҽġ롰ĻŲ¼Ҳǡ֤һ
ǿѧ

ĺܿͨϵͳ;ãͨδ֪
ϵͳãû֤֤ҽΪľ硢Ѩλȷʵڡ

ο£

1.  ١Բ˾Σ2018
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/37287777.

2. American Medical Association Council on Scientific Affairs. 
Reports of the Council on Scientific Affairs of the American Medical 
Association, 1981. Chicago, 1982, The Association.

3. Roob, G., Fazekas, F., & Hartung, H. P. (1999). Peripheral 
facial palsy: etiology, diagnosis and treatment. European neurology, 
41(1), 3-9.

4. Li He, Dong Zhou, Bin Wu, N Li, Muke Zhou. (2007), Acupuncture 
for Bell's palsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane 
Database of Systematic Reviews.

5. Linde, K., Streng, A., Jrgens, S., Hoppe, A., Brinkhaus, B., 
Witt, C., ... & Willich, S. N. (2005). Acupuncture for patients with 
migraine: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 293(17), 2118-2125.

6. Ting Bao et al, Patient Reported Outcomes in Women with Breast 
Cancer Enrolled in A Dual-Center Double Blind Randomized Controlled 
Trial Assessing the Effect of Acupuncture in Reducing Aromatase 
Inhibitor-induced Musculoskeletal Symptoms, Cancer. 2014 February 1; 
120(3): 381C389.

7. Cherkin DC, Sherman KJ, Avins AL, et al. A Randomized Trial 
Comparing Acupuncture, Simulated Acupuncture, and Usual Care for 
Chronic Low Back Pain. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2009;169[9]:858
C866.

8. Hinman RS, McCrory P, Pirotta M, et al. Acupuncture for Chronic 
Knee Pain A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2014.

9. ҽ Ѩλľ磿쿴¹о桱
(2007)
http://www.xys.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia8/zhongyi1309.txt.

10. ӣ(2006), 
http://scitech.people.com.cn/GB/1057/4247897.html.

11. Nanna Goldman et al, Adenosine A1 receptors mediate local 
anti-nociceptive effects of acupuncture, Nature Neuroscience, Volume 
13 | Number 7 | July 2010.

12. Acupuncture, National Institutes of Health, Consensus 
Development Conference Statement, November 3-5, 1997.

13. Ȩþǳ䵱ο(2017)
http://news.163.com/17/0623/00/CNIV2OU500018M4D.html.

14. Norheim JA, Fennebe V. Adverse effects of acupuncture. Lancet 
345:1576, 1995.

15. Yamashita H and others. Adverse events related to acupuncture. 
JAMA 280:1563-1564, 1998.

16. Stephen Barrett, Be Wary of Acupuncture, Qigong, and "Chinese 
Medicine", 2004.

͡סססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ӹ

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߰ȥһй˾޴ı仯ֱ仯ʹƫƧɽ
ԵüҶƪʮֵĳ׸ҵļ硣

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23ֳ

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žǲ÷ĶϪȥʡˣȥ˸šǰҤҲ
سǴ㹤ǶũʱȥɵáϪʡȥ
ģҤҪһ

Ϊ÷Ϫ칫ҤϳܣΪҤҪѹ淶ÿһ
˶ǩͬ˺ͬҲκȨ˲
ϰҲ㿪ˡͬʱùһıϣҪǳ˹
ͿҤҽҩѡԣõ˴˵ֺ֧Ӧ

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ǮϪŲҪûеסļᶨ

Ϫ죬һ治ףҲΪˡһ
⣬һҪ¡һ˵һ߰Ϫϳ

Ϫ죬Ҫ̤ʵŬظɻѧ汾¡汾£
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Ϊ֮ǰѧ÷죬ԻãֵñȽϿ죻ʦأ
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зļͥ΢ŮһЩźãٲӦñŮȻ
Ȩ

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Ҥһũ񡣾ֳǲͬĻģһͬˣ
ǿҹ˼ҵĺȥǸүô

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ǣȴ²Ļ⡣˵Ҷһ޷͵
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һĦгҤĵһĦг˵ҲҪдʷġ
¶ĦгûжȤȴԽԽĺ;ֳŮ
ˡҤסʱӳҶԤеҪˡ

һɫļճŻ·Ҥʱ򣬿ֵĴΧ
ȥв˶ѾµˣŵӦþǴ˵еĳǽֳ
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ɫţпԵĸӸߴȻǴ죬ϻǴһ˫
ЬһǳˡߴӴ˾λСȥ򿪺
ŵĳšӺλһʮˣеģ˲С
Ķͨڿİɫ±ֵøԣһݵ
־ȨĴԡϵƤЬ˾øࡣ˾
򿪳ŵʱûп˾һۣҲûκʾĨ
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Ƭ촽ʺ񣬵ȥ״򿪡ͷżʱ˫
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ͷİĴׯ˾˴ļҾԱߵ
ݵʱ˾Ŀ·¼ᶨݡ

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ݵſڴлԱߵھֳݣûһ顣

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ˡ˾ǰһָָҡ

ʱܳҵǰ˾˵үү

Ŷɣղүү˵֪أ벻Ͼ
Ըˡϻˣύ˾ָź˵

ĸ磬ڼңҲڡ˵

ڣãÿҪѷˡ˾˵ͬʱѳµߣ


ƾʲôǼҵķӣֲǹҾͲÿôˡ
˵Ҳߣ˳µӣȻĳûôͦҲǰɫġ

㲻ÿǾͱҲҪˣ𾴾ƲԳԷơ˾˵
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ҵļң㲻ܺǵֳҲ۾
Ҳǰһ˵ûеȺ˵꣬Ⱥ컹Ҫ߳ͷ˾һ°Ѻ
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Լͻȥˣ绹ҿءֳ˵ȻƽҲûа
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Ⱥھֳɫһ¾Ǻͷ濴
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ɫָۡ۾ȵڵϣһƬˡ

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֣Ҫѽסְ˵һѰѺƿԼ˸
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ʲô˵ʲôھֳɫø죬ԸԼĶ䡣

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㣬㣬㲻ҵŮ㲻ҵŮھֳϵĺɫһ
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ǹ˵Ȼ˾߳˴š

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ûŮˣûŮˡ

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żճ뿪ֵҲɢȥ˳õĳţ
񷭽ǵƽΪ׸һҴ˺
ΣΪѵĸŮϵκͲʺ
ȥ

ھֳԶţ˺ûٽšûУ֮
ҲûСû˼ҵͺȥ˽֤ԼСҡûи
ѣҲûϲ硣

24

˻ҾͿʼݹѾݹ˰ʮĹ
ǰĸװݣֻˡȻ֮ǰҲݹǱ
ĸȥģȴԼȥˡһԼǲܹ
ȥݹȥʱҾȻϵԼе㾪ȡڹ
ǰĸףҳĵϣӣݵ
ȥҲԸ

ÿξݹԼȴںûڼ
סˣסѧУָʦᡣܼ򵥣һʮƽ
ķ룬浱ҡ⣬һ
ƽ׵ĳҲǳԷĵطû䣬ϲҪȥѧУĹ
ϴֻڳ

ÿ캣춼ĦгسǺҤ֮䣬Һֻʮ
·̣㷽㡣ʱÿοҰݹЦ˵үү
ͰݰɣҺᱣ֤һлŮǾǹˡ
˵һЦȻĦгƨһð̾ˡǶʱ亣ϵЦˣ
ⲻʲôõ顣Ӿصʱ
Цʲô鶼˳˳ˮʱϷֵø


˵ϰɡȻ˳غõ˽֤ǵĻûе
ḸĸĳϡҪ˵ƽʱǹȥḸĸңҲû
бšһεûʲôʱεĴú
ģЩ⡢ʱҾͻǣֻ
ĸŮûŮĸĸ⵹˵ŮĲã˶ǻ
ŮĸġʵĵҲӣĸŮ˵ǹȥ
ŮԸĸ˵ǽûйȥûʲôûнɲС
Ҿͻᶣ죬ḸĸζСڣǶҪ
úöԴḸĸһǻᱻɵġǾ˵Ļͦе
ڸȥӻǻȥḸĸңȻÿζǽţˣ
ˡ

ϵ⣬ҵϵѿǸĵġǸʱ
שⲻˣ˵שûгҵλҲзҪά޺
裬˽ҲڸǷӣÿ껹Ҫôשľֶˣ
ΪҤשҤǮˣΧׯһðҤҶ
ڷĹ·Աߡ

ֵܵһθе־һϣשҤ°ҤĹ
ݴǹϺοʮ꣬ϸǸӵˣҲϸ塣
ϸһϺμҲҤҲΪչ
һڹߵĳҤλϾҲӦýģ
ˡϺ˵лֵܵչˣɻһҤ
ĹʡΪһͶִԾе˵Ȼ
úӹʣΪҪǸһ˼˹Ҳüӡ
˵Ǵиͷسǰһΰ·ޣȥɻ·Ȼ
൫ʱҤϸɻҪ߲١ֵܽͬȥް
·Ҳûж룬Ͼ͸ͬˡһϺ˵л⼸
ĸԺʲôѾ졣

Ϻδְһڣһҹ·ߵשҤϺΣ
Ҥء

鷢˶ΣһЩ΢е㼼ĸλ⵽˼Ҥ
ǽţŰ취뿪שҤº찴ȡΥͬķ
ҲҪ뿪ΪµשҤߵĲҪʱҲĹˣ
Լ͵öȥɻҪͬʱְ˶ˣʱһ߶Ҫʱͣ
˱ߵǴ⣬ʱҤȻ½½Ϫȥ
ʡ򹤣󲿷ͶڴĹ˲ѣֻ΢ᵢһ
ЩۣǰשȥһҤòã
٣١룬Ҫשô࣬Ҥ
שȻԽԽˡңҤĵλòã˼ҵש
ҤҪ·ΨһĺôǣСһҺשҿ
ҲúвϿͻǿЩשǿάȥ
ĦгҲÿسǺҤ֮䡣

˵ǺתúĻ˵ӦøлСƽĺߡ
СƽϷѲһȦطֿʼ󵨵ظĸˡһֵĸĸ
سǳһµľÿڿĶ棬½һҽг
⣬ҵλҲڸְľסɵλʷṤ
һУ˺üµ¥λͷҲһС֣ÿ
һʦס˴¥ˡнʷȻҪ
שΪסسҲʶһЩˣ𽥰سǵ
˼ĿͻһмʷשַһһҤ˹
ȥġשֿҤϵĲԴ

שãһߣˡǰ˱
֣˳ϽÿĶﻹһٽﵾȡһ
Ķյ߰ٽĵȡȻùҲˣֻҪ
࣬һӰൽڣȻҲ͸˲١

Ҥϰ͹ˣҤһЩҲӺש档
ש˾Ͳ˵ˣǵȳҤ˻ҪһЩΪ
שҪúԴשԭýҲ롣ש
ҪڵԽԽ࣬ﻹһаҤ
שǲϯҲǴ︾ŮƳġ⼸ֱӺש
صģһЩǼصġ翪СĴ죬ͻ
ȵʱһˮשҤȥ°۵שҤˣһ
ҲȥС򵽿Խⷦıơơ
ҲһשҤĴڶҪõĶ࣬ҤҪƣ
оҲᵽȥˮһЩ
ĵ˾ǰæשģǴӽɣҪһҹҵ
λ޽¥һ¾ͿǧǧǮĽܷѡ

ҲΪõ⣬سһƤʼԼķ
ӡռݲ࣬˽һıһССԺӡ
һмʽĻø˺һңȻʱᵽسס
׷ӷҲǻ¡˷Ӻ󣬺컹ҵ·ס
һʱ䡣ӿһг䣬һң
ҾסҲǶŶһҾܻˡ˵ĶŶ
ǿǺºܲһ£Ҥ㴮ţ
ſںһͿԽȥسסһڣھʲô֪
ҤΪṩط£͸ûˡ

ҴسסһڻѾһ̨ɫĵӻȻ
ʡֻҪһǧǮһ㡰ơȲس˼ＸǧǮĽ
ҲܿɫƬӡ̨ʵ粻Ҥĵһ̨ǰһʯ
ｨ·ʱǼҾһ̨ͬҲͬСĲʵ硣

שĺúֵܶæµȻû
ǺæϺЦԽԽƽƽҸ
̤ʵҲæţϻܴЦשҤ컹
صõһĹΪԭҤĴίͱ
ְһλÿ˳֧һһְ񣬺һ
ϹҤԣΪҤĴ֧飬ƼΪ
ĺ졣ȻʮǰǸũӡĶӣڽ
¿֮ͬ顣˳سΪҤίһΣ
ҲҤĵڶ֡õλõĹµʱ򣬾
ǰõשҤĹһġ¶ıеΪ
ҫΪ˰ȫ

쵱ίεĹÿǧǮҲ˵ÿ²Ŷٶһ㡣
Ը⵱ΣеĲ㹤ʣλñֻӹ
˵ʵǳԿ˵ġΪΣ쾭ȥ￪ᣬ
ڴִߣҪѧȥľסЩóĶ
ռʱ䡣ΪµĹרŹһרŹ
שҤҲԼǰĹֵܰҪĸλ
ͬˮֱĽǮӣ첻үү飻
һ̤ʵҲҺ˷ġȺСһ꣬Ⱥ
꣬Ҳһ𳤴¶飬˴˶Ƚ˽⡣λĹ
Ҥߵģÿ¿õһǧǮ˵ȥίδӾ
˵ǳԿ˵ġ˵ˣ˲ֻ㾭ˣҪۺϿǡں
ļ֧£쵱ҤίΣŬظš

˺ͺ͹ˮ𣬺ϱѧУɵҲ
ڹ˼һε˸еİΡȵǽѧҵʱ
İ༶￼ĸصѧĸԺУרĸ
ɼȫУһΪһõĸУİʵҲȫص
һʱСϸеļҳ֪һһλܸɵʦ
ȵҵ¿ʼһʱ򣬲ټҳ취Ѻ͵
İȥ顣

ȻЩ˳ĶҲв˳ġĸĸ
ԸŮʵǲԸϺŮỹǸȥ
ʱȥȻܽšһҾźľǺỹû
СȻҼ˼ÿεĶԹľݣǷ޿
Ͼһ㶼ġȵʵ̲סˣҾͿʼʺС
顣ĻشҲɴ࣬˵׼ϿˣӦϾͿԻӭ
СĽˡ

ˮƽˣҲˣ޵Ĺҵֺ˳
һ˴ҲӦò⣬ǸʱسǹһķҲͼٿǮһ£
ҤмŮسǸ˼ҵķǺ˵ҪΪ׼ʲ
ôأҪ˵ǵȵ˳ŮǿܻĲ֪Ҫȵ
¡ã˵һ飺Լسǻڡ

ΪûпϴѧҲֻǵ˼ĴʦĻһֱ
ҤҤһĶֵȻѾ˱֡Ҳ˵
ǸũȻסسǣÿĦг̸⡣첻ٵ
ũˣһ֮ǰԼĻǨسȥԼһ
ΪسǽǶӵĻ

Ҫһũ廧ڻسǻһһ£ҪȻھֳ
ҲͲСʱڸı䣬úĻ˵ǻҪл
СƽĺߣһسǿʼˡֻҪһǮһ˾Ϳ
ϡũתǡӶسˡΪ˶صһǮũת
ǡũˡȻһǮһСĿҵڶسǻڵļ۸ͽ
ǧǮһֱΪԼǶԵġ

֮ҲǺ˵¾㱸ʱһкȻ
ѾҤĴ񣬵кֻҪҤĹȡ
ǻֱҤĵкҪлԡ
ȡף˵ҪʱӡҺ컹ֱ
ӾûӵСһǸĴͳ죬С
ûϣΪ޶ʱĸĸһֻкӵĴ

׵ĳõʱ򣬶Ҹһõʱ㣬Ϊ
ҤҪˡ

չأҤʮһΣһ׻顣
ʱҲʮӣͭҲڣֻǴѾ
ȥǴֵģ˲ʱȥ֤Ҥʼ
ҵҤһ֧ϵĸԴٴȷµϡԼ
˵ԼҤĹףҲһı۵顣
ŰʼĿ֤Ϣд޵ǱףϣΪѰ
ṩݡҵǣڡľɡʱе׶ӽ˻
ƴһҲûһֽһ֡Ψһµģǡľɡ
Ϊ˷ֹשǽʱǽǱסǱһٶ
ʮǰ޵ģֵҼľֻˣаš
ҵĸףŵĻҲһٶˣҲΪûгǱ


ҪףҪҪѡһмһٶʮ꣬û
Ϣ¼ŵʼĿ֤ϸϢûˣֻ
֪ٴȷһ

һθ׵Ǻ죬ҲǵʱõѡȣΪ
βôίΣڴҪʱӦվΣг
Ҳ긻ǿͣʺһ޴Ĺһԭ
ΪңΪǵʱֱﻹŵΪˣһԺ
ˡ

ԴӺ֪֮еļѺ͸ӡΪ
мһٶʮҤ˿ڱǨŵȥÿ
ʡϢʱȫ棬ʱֲȷʱ໥ìܡ
ЩñͲĺΪѣҺԱܰһЩæ˵
ǵú˵顣Ϊ˸ʼȥٴ
סһʱ䡣ֻȥȷµҲͬٴؼ
еմ䣬¼оЩմף֮Ĺ
ӡˢǰļ£ûʱȥשҤȥڸשҤ
Ľһ̤ʵֵεˣשҤת

ʣ޵ף޵һٶʮǰʮǰ
֮Ϣϲ̫ơ޵ʼԼҤһ֧
ϵԴȴ˸ΪϸϢԴٶǰʼǨ
ҤѾʮٴദϵף췢ʼ
ٴǨҤ֮ǰѾٴ˶ʮ
ʮٴ϶ļ¼еĵһǴɽ̫ԭǨٴ
̩򣬵еγʯĵܵ
Ҥʼһֱ֧ϵԣں޵
ٴʮϵϢҤǰдٶꡣ
лµʱҲ˵һΪҤ
ⱾףҤѪţ
׺˵Լ԰ı۵ţǸûܴӻоȳȴʧȥ
š

ں޵ոճǵʮҤһ
׵ȿ׷ݵҤٵγʱ
ٴϵʼ

Ϊ׵ĳ˳ֵ׼½ķӣСļͥ
һҵĳлڡúû뵽ǣ׸Ƿһ
رḸĸһˡ׳ĵһڣ
ǰһȥĸĸңΨһǴ˳õĺӡ
һָýţһšְ֡衱Ҳ
һţһ¡¡Ҳһھֳĺ
ȥûŮھֳĺܴڿտյ¥
ں컳ſˡĿ¥ھֳĺҪ󣬻Ҫ


ͻѺӶſˣﶼſˡ᲻֪
һγڵĸ״ػӦš

űĸ״ˣȻҲûйϡ

һ꺣쾭˵׵ȡһжá

25ѡƱ

ҤשҤίκ챳װµţƤ
Ҫŵʱĵ绰ˡ绰һǰװϵģװ绰ʱ
רһüǵĺ룺4466155ͬʱװ绰ʯѡ4466156
ųŲȥᣬȥϲȻװ˵绰û䣬
ҪϲҪȥéϲŹ£еЦ
ǳŲġ

˵绰죬ȥӵ绰ΪǸװϵ绰绰컹
飬ÿνӵ绰춼ͦġȵ򹤵Ĵ
˲ϵش绰ݵȥﺰ˽ӵ绰ʱе㲻ͷ
ⶼǺ󻰡

Ⱥܵ绰绰ͷѾҶˡ

ڵһûп绰󣬺ָæŰţڿݴ
ŵʱĵ绰ٴȺһܻ绰绰ͷ
æʱ绰ûʾĹܣֻſ˭
ٴνصȴƬ֮󣬺һСܳšڳŵһ̣
绰ƫƫʧʱ

˭°ɣٴ绰Էæʱ򣬺
һ䡣

绰ȳȥ˵Եſٴ绰
ʱûлͷȥӵ绰ʱ᷿Ŵˣ
Ц˳

ԭڼҰȥ˵ĵ绰һ˵һ߼ܡ

û˵ЦϵֻȻһһ
ĵ绰ͣ

ְС׽ŪأظһȭȻų
š

ǸʱֻܹǧǮһ̨Ҳˣһ˫շѡ
˫շѾǴ绰ͽӵ绰ҪǮÿӰëǮ൱Ŀשء
ȴֻһһǮҪЦ

һĳ׽Ū˵ĺͱ׽Ūĺ졢Ա߿ֵ
ҡϸͷźڼҵľöĵЦˡһɵĻ
ҸζϧҸǲܳã
ƽżҸܰѿųⲻĻ

ҲǼ·һ죬ﴫ˵СƽȥϢ

Сƽ顢󵨶СӣȻûڹϯ
򵳵ǵλ˭֪ǹȥʮйʵ쵼
ˡйĸĸ￪ţũ˳аѲ
йĸ￪ţҲѹ˰˾ķҡڣëϯ֮
ĵڶĵ쵼뿪硣͵ӹ㲥ëϯȥ
Ϣʱ龰һҴӵ￴СƽĹǻ󺣵ʱû˿ޡ
ȻСƽëϯһһڣйϰյ
ëϯȥǶ֪һûˣ첻
첻мҵĸı䡣ĸ￪žһ֧˵
һҲղСƽȥˣĸ￪Żüȥܼ򵥣
ĸ￪ˣˮƽˣ˭ԸȥӰٵĲԸ⣬
ϰոԸ⡣˵۶ҪӢعйأøĸ￪ͣ
ˣԣ¶˵ȻСƽȥˣýķӻҪ
שҪ

һ˲ô˾Ǻ졣ڴ̸ۻ
ʱ򣬺ƽ϶һֱ飺ǣȻֱ黹ûзչ
ҵĵ֣ǿЦǿĺԼĵ˵żȥ
죬Ҳȥϲȥ̸ۡʱֳĬ


ĵһʵڴҿʼע⵽שҤ
ǰӰʱ򣬲÷ŮҲسǻˡ÷Ů꣬˿
ľ죬سǵǳ¸ˡûпϴѧسǳĹġ
÷ǰǧǮŮһسǻڣȻǧǮ
һǳĹʱ÷˵ˣ˵Ϫԣ˵
ҪŮһǰ;ɾǲ÷첻˵Ҳ֪
ں͹һǮϪżĻġ

ǶزǰĸᶼɰǣȻɰǸ
װ÷˵ȫءҤݡͿɰǸ˲
Ǯź罨ǳӹȫؼĶջĸᡣ
֭˰ǣ˰ֽųʵûüֵ
ɫˮǳ۹ǶΨһǷԴɽ֧
һļӲϵ֧Ȼ󣬵ȴ˶ӵζɫҲ
Ϊ֧ĴӲͣϢǳش˲ϵĲԴھʮǰ
ǳڶһĽ飬Ϊ쵱Ĺϴ硣һ
ũҪǳǸܵ飬ʱǳǳ򻧿ڣֻ
˲лȥйĿԡɲ֪Ϊʲô˾ʮڣǳ
һӱֻҪг򻧿ڣǧǮͿһǳ˵
λãҪûг򻧿ڣʱһҲüԣ÷Ů
һһǳλõ˲٣˵ͬһĹ˾ͺü
ٸ

ҲǳģʱǲȴͬĹģ١
Щ½Ĺеúܣ˵ģǳһ˶֪ǺͰ
ֽôġеȻʾ٣ÿ¾Ҳ첻ٿǮ
ʡǾԼںͬʱ˵ģ÷˵ⲻ
ǮĹҲֻһ룬¸ˡþԼĻ˵
ǧǮıǮû¸˵ľ죬ȻسǵĻڣ
ûסĵطԲòֻصҤΪûϰ࣬йʣ
ֻᱣաҲΪûϰ࣬ˣԳȥˡ
ԣȵ괺ڣ͸ŸϪȥţҲǸ³

컹˵ģΪһ³򹤵ĸ磬Դϰ
ȥ򹤡һسǵĳʧȥҤˣĹ
ʱĺͬˣֻܻصȻ˰Լȥ򹤡Ǹʱ
˵Ϊ޵ĽΣغһݹҲüˡ

ڽΣйһĺשҤҲʼù¸ڵĽ࣬Ϊ
שȥˡܺŬϿͻĹϵس﹫ҵλ
ķӽһҹ֮ͣ˽˽͸ϡ¼ˡ
שڹֻͨһߣҲ˵һߵĹ¸
ˡտʼʱù¸ڻúΪѣ˭˷붼á˼
ΪҲؽһЩìܣһЩ˰ìָ
˲֪ĺ졣ЩìܾͲ⣬Ϊеһ߹
ҲˡҤպõĺש˳ҤڣששҲɹһ
ء

컹ǾĦгسǺҤ֮䣬ǰܴ
˿͡ЩӣϵЦҵġ˵ⳡ
Σһߣӵÿһ䣬˭⣬ȻҲ
שҤҲȫĻҤΪ˽һĽ
͡˵Ҥسʧȥ˹ΪǵĹͣˡͣ
˲¹ʣ˰ҲҪۿۡûյ㹻˰
ôֻΪάֻĿ֧ܽµĽ裬ȥµķӡҵ
λ͹ȥµķӣôҤשȥˡҤש
ȥֱӺҤ¸ڣͬʱשҤصҵҲ룬
ַשġġúģשнġΪô
ʧȥ˹٣ǵҲͲˣ˵˾᲻Ǯ
߸ûǮˡһҵľˮľˣȥ
ˮҲҪˣûĲ÷ҲҪûԹ˵Ҫ
һǮˡ⻹û꣬ȵյʱ򣬴һ֣ᷢЩ
ɲ칤ʶˡ

ԤҲǶԵģյʱίĸɲĹʵķŻ
⡣ڵʱΪίĺ˵ĵ飬
ĵǴίλãΪǸ춫صһοʼ˴ίɲ
ѡ١ҤʮϵĳˣһԼѡƱ

ѡٷΪ֡һǴ嵳֧ѡ٣ǵڲѡ٣
ֻеԱſԲμӡ˵ҤܹʮԱѡٳ
ίίԱύȻٴָһĵίһ
һϰղ벻ˣҲûʮǵֻҪ
ǡôҸе˷ܵǵڶ֣ҲǴίεѡ١
ΪίгһƱһƱѡٳġҵίε˲
ǵԱ˵еĳ˶Աȥѡһί
εѡپͳĻ⡣ҲȥμӾѡ!Ļ
ܲ˵Цѡ˭˸Ȥġ

˵Ҳ֣ίελǶе˿ŵģ˵Ӧûв
μӾѡʽѡ֮ǰҲĴһҪμѡ
ٵķʽʱȴֻʽμӾѡΪԭĴί
Σλ̤̤ʵʵĺ컹ȥȻ
رμѡˡľ֣һλѡ죬Ҳʯ
ʯĶӡȻϱȺһͬһġ
ҪǴĸһ˵ͺ컹ͬıֵܣΪĸ÷
ĸ׺ɻ׽㡣ɻǶʮǰɱˣ÷Ҳǰ
ˡһߣǺʯҵĽҲ͵ˣʹ˼ûʲô
ԵʯҪμӾѡʱ¶û˱ʾһ㾪


˵ˣ˵ʯѡҲ֡ΪʯҺݾ
ҤǮ˼ңҤĵһ̨ӡһгһʵ硢
һ̨䡢һĦУҳֵġҴ⼸һ
ͰؾˣξѡֻǾļѡЩʹһ
·˳˵ǰҤͶ˵õ˼ңʯұ
ıҲǮĲ˵ź󱣳ұ˵
Ҳ˸ũҲһ־

˵һֱһ־ĹϵҲǿ˵ĹȥҪ˵ʱǵ
ʱҤǮľûһˡʯǮģȻڽΣ
ǼǮҲˣǰĵӻʵúܡΣȴ
һ겻зשҤǮĵطǮڡ
һһ̨Ҫ뿿Ǯͱתһֹͣˣ
ͲǮǮΪҪɱġשҤ
ܰשȥʱϰ͹˶ǮϰǴͷҪש
ȥʱ򣬹ֻǹʻ٣ѹҤϵĺשȴϰġ
ͺֵЩ󣬳ǰĿ⣬Ҥĺש
שߡҡǻǷ˹һµĹʡԣʱμӾѡʱ
ʵ޷ĵġÿŵǺܴͻשǮȥ
ǷĹ˹ʣӶһЩǷʸѡٴĸӰ졣⣬
ԼҲҪǮȥάּͥճĿϾԼûˣʲôҪ
ҴŮسǵһУСŮеҲѧϳˣⶼ
ҪǮǱʧҤĴˡ˵
ѡٽڹϵĺ죬˵Ǻ;ѡʯһУ
ҤʱھˡҲΪһ㣬ԼԼ
ʯҪǮѡƱʱ򣬺ھѡɹĽ͵㡣

ΣΪ˱סλáݹʣ컹ĴȥŬƱ
ʱһÿÿҷãȰ˵ԷͶƱʱѡԼȻ
ͬһʱ̣ʯҲ߽ÿһļͬ顣Ψһǣʯ
ݶĲͬѡƱļ۸ô˵ɣԿ֧
Լģ߻ᷴԺģʯ͸ҪǮһЩû
мɣʮǮһѡƱܸ㶨Щֺ֧ѡʯ
ʵصѡƱļ۸񣬸ӶʮʮȡʵǼᶨ
ֺ֧ˣʯͻʵطϾֻҪڰٷ֮ʮѡƱС
Ҫ˵Ҳ̫ʯѡƱҲԸģһԸһԸ飬Ҫ
Ǯû׼ҲͬȥġϧʱûǮһ취ûС

ȵʽѡٵһ죬ɲļල£ŶˣһС
ĳӦɲļල£ѡƱѡ˵ѡ
һʱдѡƱһ֮ǰͶѡȻٴ
ɲļල³Ʊ

ѡƱ֮ˡʯѡ˶ڣ
Զмᶨ֧Ʊʯ֧ǴҲľֱ
ˣʮ͡ҶΪʯƱЩ⣬ΪשҤһЩ
ƵĹ߶ǴﶨģЩҲûٴשҤǮҺҲû
ǷĻ˵ʯǸõĺѡˣΪʯҤĵһǮ
ˣԸίΣͿԴŴһ¸ңʯ
ľ巽˵˳˵ʯѡˣڴһӣ
ȥɻǮΪʯ˵ûû˳һº졣˵
⼸굱ίεĳɼҲˣһһ·
ԼשҤȥˣԸûа취¸ô
ú룬ҪһҪѡʯ

ո˵꣬Ϊ֧ߣ÷վ
飺˵еģԲˣשҤȥ
ûйϵҤͣˣǽΣ⣬ֺܹ졣
˵ʯãܴǮûؾ͸ҿºڡʯ
Ǯǰ˭һǮأûУһûС෴ûеί
εʱͿҤŴǮˡƾ˵ǺԸΪҰ
£ʯԸ⣿

û˵첻ãʵ֤ûô˸ԣ
ҪһίΣø¸ʯҲʾ
ʼͲ÷ۡ

ûвáһǾ仰ڵǽΣɵģ˭
˵Ρһ˵ʯԸ¸Ҳʯ
ܰѴҴⳡΣԣѡ񻹲֪᲻Ϊҷ
ʯѡٿ϶ԸΪҷĺ졣÷һұĹ
㡣

ҽһһ룬ǰ׵¡ײǴίηڵĹ
ǺȥģǺԸΪҷõ֤
ʯأ˭ʯΪҤôû˵
˵

֪÷˵Ҳ˵㣬һȰʵһ㣬ѡһ
ܹһ¸ˡϺ˲٣ܴ¸̫٣
ǾҪίΡٱۣҪ뿪

ʵһ㣬ҵ֪ʵһʲô˼Ҿ͹˵ɣ
ʯҼҼҵѡƱʮǮһҵ
˵ܣҵƱ򲻵ġҿţҼҵƱ
ҲѾñںϴˡҾҪô֪Ҳ÷Ȼ
ǮˣҵѡƱŶûУʮǮһҲС÷
˵

ʱͻȻЩ˿ʼ뿪

Ҳ˵ˣʯڻǮƱʮ鵽ʮǮһšֻ˵ʲ
ôġؿԼģڹȥ굱
ίòˣ˭ܱĸǵģе
ѣ˭ûйأȥѵʱ򣬺ҡںԼ
ˣǲӦûͷ𣿡÷Խ˵Խͣ

죬Ҳ˵𡣵쵱ίΣø߹
ʰƸҤȥǲǰ㣬һͶꡣڣ֪
ǷһµĹʣ˵ûжʱӦñ
ʯʮǮѡƱ𣿡÷ֱ
ӵˣʵĽ졣

÷ĵø뿪ҲԸٱˡ

Ľ첻˼˵Ǻãһѡġ

죬̬ĺã֪л˼ҶӦ¡
ɣҲһѡƱóں򹴡÷
ˣʩѹ

÷壬ǼҵѡƱءС˵

ʱԶŵĺýϽȥ緹е
ԥؿ˿÷죬ȻؼˡҲɢؼҳԷ
ں˹ѡƱĲ÷ش

ĳƱ˳ЧͶƱʯõ˰ٷ֮ʮѡƱ
ѡֻаٷ֮ʮġʯ˳صѡΪҤһͨѡ
ĴίΡ

˴ίṫµĺڳŵʱҲñǸװµı
ˣΪҤĹҲһõİ衣ΨһҪĹҤ¾
֮ǰȥҤשߣǸǺ÷ֹܻȵٺ
ҲȥˣΪשӦòٱճɺשˡ

ʱĺ죬ӦǴ֮ѵʱ̡ûǮеֻ
ҤȥĺשǷŹ˵Ĺʻûлשȥصֹʣ
˶ɡŮѧУѧҲǷţ⻹Ϊһеʦ
еӡԹȥԭøһеļʷȥ
Ͼʱһžž꣬˭ȥֽȥһسǵķأһǵλ
ʷ

ǰǶıҲΰĺ죬ʱԸҲˡ
ʵԼȺã˵һЩҤֵ˺ϻ
ģûǮȻҲûУǷ˵ĹҲֵ˵ծ
ȻسǵļΪĹʻܹھϲ⣬ǿ
ҾǿĺһƲҤϰ壬źĸʱ
ܺõȥء

26ӦƸ

ҤǸرѰݣԴĴû
ȥ򹤵˼ҶһԵȵһ̸۵ľ˭
˭˭Ҫȥ򹤵顣÷ڴڵʱ֣Ϊٴȥ
ϪȥšϪΪѣЩڻؼҹڡ
Ϊ³ϪȻ鳤λãҲֻܴ÷ȥ
ЩڹĽˣԴϸĿ

ڼҳüչĺûȥ÷ңǸϪһ绰÷ҵĵ
ǰòװϵģΪ˷ŵĶŮϵ̽ϪǷ
ԴϸȥţΪڼʵûа취ǮˡϪһ˵϶
ԴȥǱ߹ңҪ˼׼

쵱;ϸһȥˡȻʮˣȽŻӲʣ
ҲǸŮҲû⡣ûдӦȥ
سǺһסĽ飬벻ݣҲ벻Ů
ѧһϸУÿ»һΣеϳУÿڻ
һΡǻҲôȥѧУֻѡԣһӦû
ܰŮչ˺ãֻҪ찴ʱǮĻؼҾС

Ϊ˱ܿ¿ĸ߷壬ҲΪ˾ȥҹ޺Ϫ
˴ȥŵĻƱʡǿŵĻ𳵾ʮ
СʱͿԵִšǴĻƱҲ򣬺ڶ
վҲûλƱվƱҲͦãܵžС

ǲ÷ͺѺ޺Ϫϻ𳵵ģ˻վǲŷִ
ҲˣѾˣ滹иŶӡȵò
׼ͨ˼Ʊڣվ̨ҲͬˡЩﲻҪȥ
ŵĳ˿ͣͬеˡ쿴Ще˺Լٴһ
ⵣⵣģõȻ𳵿վ̨ܿó
ʡǳĻ𳵾վ͵˶Ѿû˿λ
ѾվˡһȥŵĻ𳵱κһ궼Ҫӵվ˲
ڳĹҲڳϵĲҪǻڳŵĵطû𳵵
վûа취šҲÿţΪû³ÿͣе˶ȥ
ҾǱȥġڶϳĳ˿Ͷֻܴӳ﷭
ȥȻһͣһȺȺе˻Ҫߵ˰һΧס
ڳߵĳ˿ʹ򿪴˵Ȼ̫Ըʱ
ıⵣľóˡһС죬ñⵣͿ԰ѳ˿
صϵģе˾ͻⵣ׼Դв
˰Ѵ򿪡Ҫ˻ǲϣǱⵣͲԳˣ
ȥűһҪҪｶࡣ˶ҪҴ
ǻῪģȻԸֻĳ˿Ͳ̤µó̡

ûдⵣȻҲΧסһ˰
ˣϷ˽ȥȭͷͣóҲûã
˰ͷŤһߡϪӿڴͳʮǮ򳵴ʾ⣬
ҲǡʱԱűⵣ߹ʺ費Ҫæ
˵ǵıⵣ˹ԹԵش򿪴ֻһٿǮķѡ
Ѿ˵ĺ˵ãȻѸٵشһѰѱⵣ
Ѹٵ˳ʱ˰ͷŤ˹Ȼ˳
Ҳʮʱ䣬ȵѱⵣǸ˵ʱ򣬶Էûȫ
ӿڴͳʮǮ˵

˲ԸΪͼúܣټǸȥļ
͸û˿ռ䡣ӵǶ׼֮ǰ
ǶԱ˷ٳԶ֮ǰûкˮԲϲڳϼ
òܶҲȫǻ£վ˯ʱõĻˤӡʮС
ʱڳϵ࣬ڳȥһϣĿԺԲ
ˡ

Щǲ÷˵ģ÷˵Ĳʲô˵
Źúá÷컹رᵽڳվʱı֣˵һɳ
ûеĶ˵ĶåẦ¡÷첻˵
˵ĳ˳³

գ磻˼۳վ㳡
ҸŶֳƱڣվ̨ϡ
ʡȥţгͣŶ²ϳҪ
Ըⵣϳ㿪ҸлҴ
ҪûⵣСåǿһһ
оǣöɣסСå򿪴
ϳ붫ֻ𣬲С

ţϪķＷ˼죬ȻͰᵽϪ
⵽һķϪסĵطԶŵڵͬһ
ׯҲͼʮ·໥֮ϵǷ㡣䲻Ҳʮ
ƽ׵ӣǵũԼķһ䡣ֻһСĴ
ԵúܺڣҲҪŵƲУ߿ŵӡ䶼Ǻ
͹õģóûʲôú޲̫ϰߡҲ
ûа취һʮǮһֻ⵽ķӡ˵Ӧܿ죬
Ҳϰˡ

ⷿӲѣΪǮˡѵҹ˸Ǯ
֮ǰϪ͸Ԥˣ˵ҲҵԺ
е׼ϴǮһ»û⡣ңסĵط
󣬺ҲϿʼȥҹˡ

ίκҤĺҲǼˣ֪ȥ
ĹҪһݼӦǴӡļԼ֣
ԶûȰѼдãȻȥһ˰æӡ
ӡСﻹͦãѺдֶ˵ԣҲ
ĸʽ˱ţ˺һЩϢڸʮǮĴַ
֮󣬺õһݴӡļһοԼֺƬڴӡ
ֽϣúЩ˷ܣҲƽһЩš˵ҹףһ㶼Ҫ
ܶҵλְѼӡ˼ʮݡ

ȥ˲г죬⴩װƤЬҲװǼ
ǰģƽʱҲûôԻɡֻǿʽЩʱԵ̫
һЩҺúӸߴԲԵȶѿ˲гƱǶʮ
Ǯˡ˶˵ֵģΪ˼ټƸλԣ
ƱʱûаԥȻʮǮʱ൱Ƿ޺üĻʳѡ

һ߽˲гĺ챻ǰ󾪴ˣһ߽һ
ڣһһͷĻչÿһƸλһʮƽ׵
ռƸ̨Щɫ졢صչ̨ǰǰӦƸˡ
ΧѿƸ˾ˣֻ洫𼷣𼷣һһ
ѼҡУоϢɡ
ǵλʱ͵ص֪ͨ

ڴת˰죬ҵ˼ջԱĵλһ
ҲǺܼǰȥ

ͬ־չԱ𣿡˵ܿ

ǵģȤѼƸŮʿȥҲʮ
꣬΢ЦŶԺ˵

΢ЦԺ˵һֹӰͳһݼص
ȥ

ѧǳУŮʿźļЩɻ̧ͷźʡ

ǵģʮбҵΪǸũûлϸкͿ
ѧشȻָϽ˵ίĹשҤĹ
ڹкܶྭ顣

ĽЩ࣬λŮʿѼ˺죬˵ıǸҲ
йľ飬ǵλѧҪǴרڵĵ
ȥɣһλ

չ̨ǰ˳ʧܵľȥλʱ
˵ԼǳѧʶԷѧûҪɫƸ̨ǰ
õĴҲָԲҪ󱾿ѧûչ
̨ǰĹдôǴרǵλѧҪ󵹲ߣ
ҲҪרʲôбҵбҵ͸ӦƸ
ҵǵȻҪһҰɣ˵ʵλӦҲҪбҵ
бҵ˲гϸߴطˣӦȥг
·ߵ֡

˲гļʮݼһݶûзȥЩԭ
ļ첻ģڽļȥ˼˲г
óЩǷȥջ˸ʧơŹ
ʱװĺŵĴϣãȻҲ·ϣ·ߣȷ
гһЩͷҵũǰһдְҵ
ӲֽƬְҵУ̵ܵשˮ硢ˢľûй
쿴Щũ񹤵ʱԭԼשҤĹˣשҤʢ
ʱȻߡͻȻ췢֣Ҫ˵˲гԼ
гҹʸûУΪԼʲô᣻Ŀ
ֺöûиɹˡ뵽һúܣȥɿ
źҲûȥȥԣĵϪ켸ƼȥӦƸһЩ
ĸλʱ˵ȵȵ˵ܲҵʵġһ
¶ȥˣеĹӰӶûС

ҲԷĹ£ϸóҶ
ɷ˵֪˵ﱾǮ٣ȥ˲гҹ
ֻ˲ԩǮ¸µĻʳѾˣ͸˵Ǯ
⡣ϸŵϵǮʮǮһˢЬˢӺͼЬ
ͣһ鲼һСϽָ˲ƤЬȥˡ챾ȥ
ûǮĺӣҲ̾Ϣϸˡ

һƤЬëǮĵЬͳɱһëҲǼӵ£
԰˵ǲġжЬһ춼æĻһ
ʮǮɱשҤϳҤ˶öࡣҪûʲô
⣬ǿԷǮϸȻЩľɣӦҲеҲ֪
Ӧȥ˶ĵطŻ⡣ȥ˶ĵطǹģǶࡣ
Ȼ̯ЬҲ࣬ҵúܡϸں
ܣҲָЬȥǮֻϣЬÿжʮǮ룬
ԽϷ޵ĻʳŴȥ

ϸÿһѷúͳŲЬ绹緹Ҳͬ
ʱʡȥ͵Ǯȵϸϻؼʱһµ
롣ʱһʮ飬ٵʱܾǼһǮӲҡ
ҲżһǮûʱ򣬲ϸ͵ûиɻǸ
ĳǹܲЩЬĸŮ̯ǹܷܹܵľ˵ģ
ҪǴסҪ̯˰صĻҪϸһǮûд
ʱͻ˵ûб׷ĳǹܴסҪܳǹҲа취ǲȥ
ĵطǹܲٵĵطΪõúܡȥٵĵط
ôвЬأȻгǹ׷ϸȥ˶Ĺ
ЬϸŲЬʱ򣬺ûżȥһ˲г
ʱǴסĵطӣϵҹֻеϸѷ
˽ȥԷʱŻ뿪ӻ

һ쵽緹ʱϸûл￴ӵţ
ƬˣʱҲһ࣬ϸûлʱ
еЩ֣Ϊƽʱϸ᲻ԷģҲһ
šÿǽЬ̫ˣϸæûʱ
ԺҲûٶ룬Ŷȥ˯ˡȵ˯ˣ
˿㣬ɫҲѾƽʱʱ䣬ϸҲ
ˡʱ콥е㲻ʲôԾȵ
ʱûпϸҲȥˡٵȵ룬
ѵӹˣվڷｹ߶쾪ȵطϸڵʱ
ԼȻżҲһθеϸĴڶԼ˵Ҫǰڼ
ʱ򣬳˸ϼϸϴû뿪ÿκص
ݣϸڼģݷϵĳһš
ʱ򣬺ñľɵϸڼԵðۡڣо
ԼľګŮ˾ȻЩ֪

ȥϸϸˢЬأϸ֮ǰ˵ֻ
طЬһǹģһطг쵱ʱû
ûмסط֡ţȥ˸һģʱ
ɫѾȫ޺ϢӦǲЬĺõ
ô롣ѹⶼһߣûпϸӰ
ûпϸһЬĶûпЬĶ°ؼˣ
춼ˣ˭ҪЬأʱǰϸһ˵ϲЬ
ǹ׷飬æӹܵϣв
ˡƵ·ƹ£ҲһЩڵ̯СƷģûвЬġ

뿪˹ģ뵽гȥмгϸЬӵ
һأ벻ֻһһȥҡȵг
һ飬ҲûпϸӰӡڻסĵط·ϣ쿴
ľɵ긾ŮӰӣ׷ȥȴȫϸȴͷɥػصס
ĵط췢ںڰķϸƣһѰϸ§
˻

ϸǱǹץȥˣû˲ЬĹߣ˵ҪΪ̯Ьû
н˰ϸ˵ԼûǮǹܾһֱﲻšȵڳǹҪ
ˣǿũ帾ŮûǮûĹߺ͵
ʮǮ룬˸˻

ϸ˵ҲȥЬˡ

Ӿûгš죬ϸ˵ҪȥЬ
ֻʮǮ˲ЬĹߡһΣѡ˳ǹٵĵطȻ
ҲˣÿҲһʮǮ

ϪһֱûǸҹ飬ȻƼ
ĹһһϢ˵ǳиְϼˣԳ
ҪһµıȻʲߣһ˵
ɣڹſڸͤžСϪ˵ˣӳȽ죬
ټϺĸߴԻǺпܳɹġһκûϾܾ
Ϫ˵һ˵Ϫ쿴̬ȸıһЩܸˣߵʱ
һҪһػΪλҪϾԺϸڵġ

һϺû˯ãԺﷴظԼűƷ
ڸͤӡںĹһЩûм͵ġ
ԼŲʮ꣬ô˵Ҳ͵ˡңϪ
칤ĵطвٴϼ򹤵磬ҲʶǰҤί
κשҤ﷭ȥ˯ŵʱϸµ
ںڰϸ˵һ䣺£ûиŮ
ĹһǮءһ仰úһȻ̤ʵ˯ˡ

ڶ죬컹ǴװϪĹϪԸ
ﵱϪܸˣǸȥҳıӳȻߺ
쵱ԣͨ˵ڶͿϰࡣϪúɴ
ңڳԷȻֱӲμԡԵʱ򣬳˺
컹һӦƸˡҲϼһģ֮ǰ˻΢˼
䡣ǸСѧҵȺ쿴ȥҪ٣ȴҪСöࡣ
ľ֣ԼӦû˳ӮԡʱԺֳ
ԼűƷڸͤĳЩ

Եݺܼ򵥣ӳ뿼ľǿǷö˵
ͨԼǷ֪һЩıӳԼվһλ
ϣȻ߰˳вͶӳվһֱߡӸߵĺվ
ӳ࣬Ȼ󰫸ӵӦƸվںࡣʱ򱣰ӳʼ
ĿӦĶ

ҿϢǰߡ

űӳĿӵӦƸӦĶǶΡ
ʱģϢʱһƲ̫ǰߵʱ򲽷Ҳ
ɢȫһʱǱֱģѧʱ
רѵ֪Ǳ׼һֱ
ţûϢûҿҲûǰߡ

վںҲıӳؿĺ죬֪ǲ
ЩǸûͨʱԱߵϪЩ߹
ظ߱ӳҶģӳ˵

һ㻹Ƽôܵ㸺𰡣
ӳͲϪ졣

ϪϺˣٽ͵ʲôӳûи͵Ļᣬ
ź뿪ʵʱεǺ졣ǰڵԼ
ᱻЦȴûͨ򵥵ԡΪԼ˵Ҷ
䣬Ϫͬǰˡ

Ϫ챧ǸذѺͳ˳ţȻڴ˼ٿǮ첻
ҪϪû˵ӲǰǮ˺װڴȻ˵ڼ
ûкʵĹһϢͻ

·ϸʧܵ飬ôҲ벻һõİ
ϸڼңӦǲƤЬȥˡҲû˼ӣԼ
ڱ˯ϸͷ˯Ҳµ˿ûƸϣ
ҲûʣֻĬĬȥŵǷ޾
̫ĿЩ˸ԵĶ˵Ҳ˵

Ϫһֱǣź칤飬ûִһϢ˵
ǳһǹʱһ˴ְҪһĹˡǹ
ȻСǹҪһУر˵Ҫһеġ

¶ûйĺ죬ûκεԥʹӦˡ
ңΪһȥӦƸҲػݹӴˣ
ǰҤίΡשҤĺΪһǹĹˡ

27˱

Ǹǹϰûٻһֱšÿٿ
ǮĹʣԺÿ껹һ㣬⿴⡣Ҳǣǲ⣬Ҳ
ҲõϸҲЬˣڸһҵһݴɨ
ĹǮȺ컹һ㣬Ҫҹࡣں첻üҹ࣬
ϵʱȥϸؼҡӶȶĹĻҤǮҲ
йˣܻȾʵҪǮһЩȵʱ򣬺
޶ûл˵̫ˡֻһڣ
ʡǮƽʱǹʱǺ׵ģҲûлȵ
бҵеܳбҵǸ٣ǻûлֻҰ
ȥ档

ɼܺãбҵӦͿ˴ѧҪϵʡǵĲƾ
ѧѧǽڹרҵúĻ˵ԺҪйġȾ
СеܣлһȴжûпϡԼͦģ
˵ڿȥŴˡѧˣѧе˵ȷһֽѡ

ҴȥţһþȥΣΪϴ
ѧĽеȥŴ򹤣Ѿһҵӳеҵһ
Ϊӭǵĵ޻ˣ뿪ԭǼķ䡣
Ϊԭķ̫Ϊ̫Сȥ˲ס

˵е㲻˼ʱʮңǵһ𳵣Ҳǵһγ
ʡѧҵľеߣ۾Ͷ䶼̫ʹҲõ
ʲôھߣҲú޲õĻµŮİȫ

ϵ˺٣ûվˣλҲпһšҹʱ
һЩ˶λϣλϵֲӸ˯Һ;
öʵʵԼλϣڿλãڲ輸
˯Ҳǵһ𳵣е˷ܵúܣ˵˺ܶ໰Ⱥʵڰ
סˣҲſڲ輸˯ˡ켸һҹڿ˯
˶˯˻᲻ȫֻеȵ˿쵽ŵʱҺеܶˣ
ſλһ۾

ķһддǳĴׯһ
ڵϵĳУвĴׯ˵ĸضȥˣ
ڴ¥Ȼķˡķӽĺܣ
ĽֵխСӣСȥСϿѵĵߣ
˾ò̫ȫķӶûԺӣǰûô
Ƚϱˣס򹤵ˡһĴׯס˿񹤣
޾еһԱ

һĲ¥˼ڵ㡣¥¥
Կһһһĳⷿÿһ䶼סһ
񹤡ķ䣬ÿʮӡгףᳬ
סҲгĵطǽһĵƽ׵Ŀռ䣬һ
ȳڴ򿪵šСռһƽ׵䣬
ϲϴĵطǴƽ׵ĵطҲϲ
ʱĹͬʱҲԿһǫ̃ż·ӡվ
ͨϵƷդԿգҲԺ
ʵĿڷ棬һ¹ѷ֣ÿ
ʮƽ׵ĴСսŵĵطŷͳߣ൱ڳͷ
ǸַһŴһӡϵһ̨ӡǿ
Կӵҡ

Ϊ˵ĵְѷ¹滮һ¡ѿ۵ķ
ڲԷʱ۵ԭŷĵطһʱĴڳ
ʱ򣬲ŰѷŴ򿪣˿ڴϣ˿
СϳԷΪչңҺһ˯ԭĴϣ
ϸĸŮ˼ʱŴϡԵúӵʱ䲻
պʮҲ⡣

˵Ҫټҹţûͬ⣬ϰֻ࣬
ʱȥһι졣ûȥһŴѧ
ʱһڸй䣬ߵöԶҲõ·

ŵʱǴһЩزƵƤй
Ŵ׵ӺɣЩܳʱŵĲˣԡЩһ
һ￪֧õ˱˱ܼ򵥣Ҳедҵϰ
ϰķϣǸҪдѧĵطд˱֡
쿴ҴӰó˱˵үү㲻øҿģ˵ȥǮǸ
õġЦŶԺ˵Ҳ˵ģֻǷ޿Ůȥһ


׻ɫķ棬һҳϵļ¼ǴӶ괺ںʼģҲ
ȥŵǸʱ

°˰ԪǮ³ҵּҺд֣ǲ
ôдֱ֡дòÿ

쵽Ԫʮաա컹ûйԪ
ھͿѧˣ컹塣ٿǮѧѣʣµĶٿǮǽ
һµѡдµ仰һҲǷǳ

ٿǮʮߡеܡедüһЩҲ棬ÿ
ֶһһдġѧǹԪںһѧġ
ٿǮһʮǮѧѣʮǮѡϳеܣ
ÿҪʮǮҡ

ʮǮ¶ʮеܡ⼸ǰҲһһ
е־ʲˣеܵʱ˵ǩأҪʲһģ
²

ʮǮʮеܡһںедµʮһ
ûһǹˡ

ʮ飬³ߡеܡͬʲݣһһǮ
֣ееΪֻжʮǮˣԭƻ
һڵѡ֪еܿڴﻹʮǮǰԼ
ġ

еԼҲ˼Ц

ؼңһǧǮҼµġڼˣ
һûдżǮҴ绰죬ܴܲյǮֶŮѧ
ڶǮˡ

һϢе㲻˼˵Ǹõܵܡ

쵽ҶԪʮաաּ͵
һһģһĵطֻǮĿڡ

ʮǮʮաеܡһеܵдһ
˵úܣΪ쵽ϴǷĶʮǮһӿڴʮ顣

еÿڻһΣÿ»һΡеµ
ʼܲµʱ飬ˡѹһһ
һ湤

쵽ĻٿǮ³ˡдµյż
ĵһǮȻÿ£춼һǮҲ⡣

ٵʱöڼÿ˵õ˶ٿǮǮҪ
Լ·еõǮʱ˵һεõ
ô㻨ǮٵǸѧڣΪѧУʳõķǼˣÿµ
ߵ˶ʮеÿҲҪʮǮˡ

¿һطĵֽһֽʪָ
εĺۼеǮϢǩеô
¡еЩ˼˵ΪǴпԿĺܲǮʱ̫үү˵
ˣдֵʱˣ˱ϣȻæ
һƶ

ȵһڣеܶ˸ԵһѧڣҲǿ
ҵˡ˱ϳ˳ѧѺѣһЩķá

ʮ飬ʮ飬ģԾʮ顣¶ʮա
ܡһɷȻедġ

쵽İԪѶʮԪԷһԪʱ
ʮԪһ³աաֻǾдġ

ϸһطмīˮۼҲедֵĵط
еûв˼˵̫үүõ֧ˮֱʣдֵʱ
ôˮ˦£С˦˱ϡ

˱һǮ¼ǽҵÿٿǮǮ

ٿǮˣҮеܡҵе˵һ˷ܵ
飬ΪѧУˡ˵дǮڣ
̾š

쵽ǮҶԪһ¶ʮաա
Ȼ˱һõĽβ

ҿˣ˱졣˵ҲûãԲ̫Ҫ
ʱǷ԰˱Ϊһ

˱˵ɣһõĽ

סʮ󣬾ҪҤˡڻؼǰȰе͵
ȥϰ࣬Ϊȥϰӡסĵطڵϵ
в³еҪȥϰĵӳڵڵĶһ¼
ط֮ʮ·̣ҪмĻվһ
Ժϸ˵ʿȥһЩҲ̫ࡣ

ҲǺϸһδʿվڹ·߿ʿ֣֪
ҲܵʿǰǷСп͡ĺɫָʾơȵһɫճ
־ģ˾˻û˵ֱˡ˺üΣ
ʮӲźòһͬǵĺ˾һڸ
ʻλϣȻĸ˾ͼںһλϣϸǰ
㣬õ󿿣ĸ˵彻ţǿڴ
Ķ࣬һװе·İһװճƷ
Էڵʿĺ

ʿſվɵߣǰĵָʾʾż۸
·̵Ϣϳ۸Ͱ˿飬ȵ·ʾ󣬼۸񻹿ʼ·
Ӳϵߡվʱ򣬼۸Ѿʮ˿ëǰ
ϸһֱǸϸµĵָʾƣͬǰĺҲ
ʱ鿴˼ۡ

ôû۸˶ʮǮʱϸں
ˡϸ֮󣬵ʿһҳſͣ

ʮë͸ʮɡ˾ԸǮĺ˵

ӳСդΧţդÿľʮ
֣˲ܰͷߵ涼зļˣ
һʵӦòҴ淭ԽġӳĴŲ󣬶һʱ
šֻнγҪʱͿɫŲŻ򿪡ֻ
˽򿪵ľǴԱߵһСţҲƵģֻһ
ǸźС֮䣬һӣϵдţ
¿ѧ޹˾ڲһңһ
ıĳԱǰդ򱣰˵
⡣ޱشһ绰Ȼǵһᡣ

һᣬһŮ˵ǽеܽ繤
ѣҲСˡŮӲߣԲԲЦݺͷϴһغ
ɫñӣӦǹñһɫĶTTıд
߿ơĸ֡洩Ŀǻɫģɵʴ󡣺ɫ
TһûͦáǳĹÿϰ඼贩
ġλ繤Ѱеţ˵һʱ䣬еȥ
Ǹ𡣽Ǹŵʱеܻͷһ

һǰ½ĿҵӳŹ·Ķ棬һ
ƬյءդΧţҪ³ӡӳǰĹ·
ǿڵĹ·һСʱҲ˼·ԵС
ȥҲʮӡŵ̫ѾȣСֻṩһС
Ƭ񣬺ͷվһСƬŲλ
繤ѴеܳǸ

еܻǺ˷ܣոհְˡ߿ơĹ
Ϊһλ߿ƼӳĹˡе˵ͺ繤סһĸһ
䣬Ůһסһҵ׷Ȼ˵ÿϰ
ʱϰ˵㵽ϰ˵㣬ҪĹҲɣзŴ󾵼
ûк⡣е˵ʴŻһǧǮҪõʱ򻹿ĩ
࣬Ļʾͻˡеܻ˵쵽˵һµĹʺͻ
̫үүְֺȻٰʣµǮĸ˴ѧľ졣е
úϴѧõļûǮΪʼϰǮˡȻеֶ
˵ԺһڼҪúչԼҪǿ

ʱԱߵ繤ȥϰˣȥеĵʿҲ˹
˵ʿеſЦǻ֡ŵʿеܵЦ
ͻȻͣ˲ϵᡣʿԶеҲͱһɫ
Ӱӣſɫդϣͣػ֡

һصҤ֮ҲͿʼ׼ȥϴѧ顣ʵҲܼ򵥣
һЩƷһЩµ·ȵ˾·ݣҪ뿪
ȥʡϴѧˡ

Ǻһȥ;ȥʡǵģ˵Լһ˿԰ȫȥ
ŷġ˵ȥͣҲȥͣԻһ
ȥˡӶʡ𳵺ܷ㣬Сʱ͵ˡҲ
λƱһҲۡ

˻վͿԿһȺ˻ʡǲƾѧӡǵ
ͺ;࣬ȾԵøлһЩ΢Ц
˵Ǵѧ꼶ѧӭġʡǲƾѧһصѧ
ѧȫءӭУϣвͬͨ֯һ
˴ŵ·Ƶģɫָ

Ϊж꼶ѧİǳ˳СʱͰ
ѧ쵽Կס챻ڰ˺Ů¥Ϊҳ
Һͺ컹ȥһ½ķӣɹܺãԵÿ
ĸһ䣬жʮƽ׵ӡŵ˼Ӵ
ϲ㣬ѾںͳһİɫӺͷڴĿռ
һһӣѧϰõġװůõĿյֻû
ӻȻѧҲҪӡȰٺˣ̫Ѿյм䣬
ȥѧУʳó͡ʳúܴӦǧͬʱԷȥ
ô꣬ʳ׼˾Ĳ;ߣҲ÷ƱֻҪһУ԰ѧ
СһһصͲŲǮ˵⻹Ĳþ
ԺһҪڳʡǮ

ȵ緹ҺͺҲҪȥϻضĻˡ͵У
ڣֱվĹѧУźܴеʱĴׯ
¥Ҫ¥ˡУжʮ׿ҲʮסŵĲ
ɫĴʯԵ÷ǳŵϷĴʯϣдŴѧ֣
;УϵһŰһܹŽ뼸ѧУ
ź˽Ĳţƽʱǿšĳ࣬ͣѧ
룬⡣Һͺ˹ŰɫȹľվЦ
ǻ֡ˣΰУźͲõ⣬һ
õıһֱ֣һֱЦš

ԸͬŮѾʼȫһĸ

28ǹ

ŮߺݾʣһˡҲ֣֮ǰҸտ
Ůǹ˵ʱҵõúܡ뿪
ݣҪտʱҵһӾͻʼûθ
ڣԷãȻǲԸǸԼϴ·öȻ忪
ʼˡȻÿһͻңʡϴѧľҲÿ
¶ǰϸʱһҵһ
ȥڲˡ

͵ҽԺƣȻֽӵسǵļ˼
˹ȵָ֮һ˻صҤ
ôҲס֪ǲһһ
ݣ벻ҤʵǸʱҤѾˡǰ
ҹͣשҤĵգôׯ˶ȥأ
ȥغ㽭͹㶫ˣеҲȥˡ
ԴµĶСտСˡҲм׳Ͷ˼ң
һ㶼ڴ˺ܶ˵ֵġ÷ʮҤû
аֵģѾˡ÷һΪϪ޶
Ŵ򹤣ÿ¶ǮһԼҵļĶ÷
޻һıءȻȲ÷컹ʯҲûгȥ
ﶼˣΪŴίΣһʯ
ա

ΪȥĶˣԲôӰ졣
򹤵ˣΪṩʵĻ⡣ĵ
˵ƽʱеֻҪŴӵĲ÷ˡ

壬áǶȥسǾ᲻ûأ
˵

ҶŲ÷ЦЦȻûʲôš

аŻĺйأ÷
ʱǸ˵úܡ

ȻΪ˵йأҲǳϣ֪ʲô

壬Һǹǹˣ֪𣿡÷Ц
ҡ

컹ûж˵£Ҳû˵ǵ㹤Ҳ
ȷûʲô˵ģǰ˵ÿ궼һġ

ƽʱÿ궼Ҫһ֣ǲš÷쿴û
жķӦ˵ΪְǵĹأҺ찡ͨ
ְС鳤ˣ

ЦЦô֪ġ

ҼϪ绰ҵģ˵ǰϺϪȥտˣ
Ϊְϲ¡÷ش˵

Ҫ˵лĲһ㿴ҤҲе磬һ˾͸
ظҿӡ˾ŵ˯ˣһЩʮҲҪ˯Ҫ˭ʮһ
˯Ǿˡ˼ſɲһסҲŵϵĴ
ׯϳտͿԴʮ㿪ʼԵڶ賿㣬߳Աģ
ʹ졣÷쿪ʼпˡ

Ա˽ӻ˵Ҥûĵطȥҹ˵˼
ֵط

⻹治ǡסǸׯҿȥͬҲȥ
Ϊ˵Ļ֤סŵǸׯҪ˵Ҥ٣
Ȼ˵סǲܱȵġǳտĵطڴС
ϣ൱ҤɹȳǰҲɹȳǲ
˾͸ĳС㳡ԣΪûеط÷ʾ˲ͬ⣬
û˷Ե˵

ǸС㳡ˣ컹ûʱ͵ľͿʼæˡ
͵ǶడǸҹĴУȻǸȥϰװˣ
Щ˯ļͥŮЩʹ㿪ʼʮһ
̯ȵ̯λˣ˼СʱҲĵӣҹ̯λ
ְˡҹҲԵģͺҹ翪ʼڶ
㣬Ҳǵڶ̯ʱ˵˵ò˵á÷˵
ͣ

ʱԱְ˺ĺǸʲô

鳤ǴģǹĻһ̨Ҫ˲
ǹҤǲࡣȰһճճϡȻ
ϡŪؽ죬ֱϡױӲٰǼӹС
ǡҲǻģǴȥź컹ôҽȥ˼
ӡ˹ϡõǽһ
ǵûзĻŶǹȥÿ
ҲóԡҪһ鳤
ˡȻ鳤ҲҪɻҪͷɻԹǰһ㹤˻
һ㣬Ȼÿ¹Ҳİٿ顣÷˵

÷˵ûĴȥǹǹҲ
ǹġʱԱ߾˵ˣ˵鳤Ҳǵ٣ΪҪԼɻ
أҪԼøɻֻҪ͹ܱ˲źá

һһŻ˵ĺãһڳԲһġ
ȥ࣬Ѿӹ鳤ˡȵ鳤úãһǵ
ΣҲǹʮ顣ǸʱͲԼɻˣֻҪ
ֻֽڱڳؿУʻأ÷˵

û˿Ҳ֪޳ɻǷԼ÷˵
ҼϪ죬ŵ³ŵ鳤Ȼŵ
ΡϪ쵱ϳβȥأһȥʮˡ

ʱµ˶վҪ뿪Ϫȥ굱³
£÷Ѿ˵̫ˡ

ȵ˶ˣֻʣ²÷ҡʱ÷ҹں飬ʺ
سǿķز˾ô

سǿز˾һǰ顣

ԴӺשҤգͿʼسıҲܲסǸʱ
˰˺һѣһӣسǸ˼ҽӡ
Ǹʱ򽨷ӵ٣ҪȻשҲᵹգҲ
İӸտʼҲǿά֣Ǯڸ˷ʺͻûʣ
࣬Ҳ˵һİͷҲûǮһ
ѧһЩúĻ˵ǿ۽磬ҵ˽Ŭķ򡣵
һ꣬Ϳز˾Ƕصһز˾Ȼ
ʱûʲôǮڳǽֳֵ˻ûݡ˵
£˿˾Ҳس˽õءԼ
סѺõ˴ټϴһǮչ˹
˾ǮԼĹ˾ȡһܴ֣󺣷ز޹
˾ֱȽϳԺֱ˵󺣹˾ˡ

ʱ˵Ҫز˾췿ʱҾ͵ĵ
˭سסˣԼķӣµʮˣ
ҲԼķӣҺܶ򹤣ķӶûסأ
ҲҪģ˵˾Ϊһʱ嶯ҲΪûı
İ취Ϊǽķչ򡣺˵طСԷչҪ
һЩ˵ϺȴУزⶼѾúܺˡҲõ
ķûΪسȻзӣƽһһ
䶼컹ᵽԺ˶Ҫǵģڳӵ
˾ͻԽԽࡣ

ɵģҵҲûãķز˾Ѿ
ˣҷҲѾʼˡ˵Ҫĵһزˣ
һשҤһΪ˾³ܾӣ
ʮһСγȻһ׶ûȥҰ
ЩͲ÷һ˵÷Ҳͬҵĵġ÷Ҳ˵ˣ˵Ǹɴµˣ
ɴµ˵۹϶һ˲һ

ҺͲ÷̸󲻾ãͿµĽγصҤ
ܶдš󺣷ز޹˾ֵĽγŻ·
Ҥʱ·ˡҤһİ͹·Ļ
·ϣũõַǰҲУʱ
ԿĿżһɲļճСγĵ
ȴͷһΡ

һҴһЩʳƷֻ˳ҵģҪ
ĿҤ˾ķӡ˾ӡƵϷ
µÿһˡӡˢƯֽ񡢹⻬˺ãӡ
칫˾ľСͼƬʮ¥ÿ¥㣬еһ
⣬㶼ס˵׷ÿһԪ׷ÿ׷һ
ٶʮƽףһһ¥Ĳͬ׷ļ۸Ҳͬ
¥¥ΪûеݴҶϲ¥¥ˣһ㲻Ҫ
¥̫ȡ

ڷϺ󣬺Ϳʼҽ򷿵ĺôˡ˵ĺô
㡣˵ɣسǵũóгеģ
һسǻر𷽱ĳУǰС̳Ҫ
Աø㣬ڳоڲֿһԼٱȷ˵Ȼ˭
ϣԼвûвأСð죬ҤȥУ
󲡻ȥҽԺ컹˵סسǵһЩƣ˵
سǸɾҲûͣ촩ƤЬֱ˵סڳ֣
˾ͲӰˣð˾ŵͽ˯˵سס
¥ˮ䡢ߵӡ󣬺صǿһô
ķƷз֤ʱ򻹿µķ
ֵֵܻܿ

˵ʱµ˶ƵƵͷס˵ǡ

˵ӵļ۸񡣺˵ΪǶصĵһƷС
ܱˡƽļ۸ҪٿǮһƽףҲ˵һ׷߰
ǮңҪԸ¥ˣ¥ķӣǲİٿǮһƽ
ףһ׷ֻҪ顣Уصǿˣ˵ʹϵǮ
˵ֻһǮҲӣΪء

ǵһ˵ƷҲǵһ˵д򷿣İ
ЩšΪǺ˵ģҲˡŹţ򷿹
򷿡ȺڸС죬Ҳûһ˵Ҫ򷿵ģ
¥˵ķӵĶûС첻ģ˼ʻ᲻ῼǡ˼Ҷ
˵ˣ˵Ӷϱ򹤣Լء

Щģ÷վ˵죬ľֱ˵ˣ
˵ҲĪ֡Ҫ˵ⷿӺȥΪʲôأҸ
һ¡һ߰Ǯһ׵ķӵȷǲ󣬵Ҫ֪Щ
ǮҤһ¥أڶˣסسȥ
ϰߵģҲͬ˵סسǵȷкܶôҲµ
ô˵䶼죬죬Ϳ϶
С˵Ʒ˭أ·Ӷ
ȥס˾͸Ҫ˰ɡģҲҪģǼʹ
˷Ҳȥسס㿴ҤھʣϵССˣ
˶ȥغдȥˡЩϵڴΪտСģչ
ѧũˣϲسǵѧУǻǵס¡

÷Ļõ˾˵ĺӦֳ沢ûúϱֳʧ
΢ЦźʹҸݼ򵥵س緹ͿȥϣҪ
񵱳һשȥһƷûԸ
سǵƷҲûźܰѷȥЩŵ
ңҵȷģҲĵġܿ죬Ͱѷȥˡ

ĵһӦ˵ǵһͻϵѧҲǵ꺣쵱
ʱʦѧУ˵Ҳ֣꺣שʱһͻҲ
ѧεǣשѧУʦȥѧû
ȥУ칫ңԭǸͷУҲˡֱҵǰҪ
ͬ£ͬ½ʶһЩĽʦѧʦһЩ
Ⱥ壬ǸմѧҵãûзӣҲŽ顣곤
ͬ²ͬǲİԼһµѧ뷽跨
سȥҶҲҪĿꡣ곤ͬܶһ˵Ǳ
ģǾһŲǡھϣǮԼãҽ
ʱܴӸĸõһǻûسǽֲ
ԸѷӸϣ˵ˡǳЩĽʦȥģ
϶Щ˾ʵĿͻ

жǶԵģȥһѧ˼׷ӣһǶ¥
¥ЩȽϹ׷ڷӽɺļϣʹ˵һ
ʮСƷĿͻΪصĵһҷز̣
뵽˶ʱسΪαֹ˾һסլСļȻҲ
˳ˮµ뵽˶ص̨ǺĹ˾һΪǳص
̨ĶǺҵɹ㡣

Ϊ̨ЧӦ󺣹˾쿪Сγһ߽
˶صĸ䡣ҲǾѧҵʱ򣬴󺣹˾λ
ǶĵСسĵСѾʼˡ󺣹
˾ԱҲʮӵ˼ʮˣ˾ҲسǵĶǽ
Լİ칫¥

ںĹ˾ԱһʶΰǵģǸ
ҤݵƻִжӵĸӳҲǸ
ҵһ˺שΰʮΰѾû
ˣǲ룬ǲܡǰһƣ磬ڶͷʱС
ĿֵָӴ˾̯ˡԴǴ˼˺ש
ΰͳѡĹ˾Ҫһ˾Сı
ʱ򣬺ҵȱָڼµΰ

ΰҲԺ˵ˣŻؼ˾﹤
԰﹫˾ֳලʩ˵Ⱦ켸ºѧҵŮͶ
ˣûκθ̤ʵĵػ˵Ҫ
˵һ£ŵӳ򹤵еʱѾˡϹˣڵ
ͬ£ġ޶ͬ⣬˵Ů˵ǻԣ
̫ԶˣԺһ̫ѣŮ޵ͻϵˡ
޵ķûãеܾǺˡ

һҪŵȵѧҵʱǸŻһҲΪ
ܡΪžͻԾȻص˶ǾͲ֪ܼ
һˡǣ˭û뵽ǣԶš

еܿŴŴ绰صݵʱҸոճԹ緹ϴ롣
ܿ˰Ҳûаȫ˵Ҿû˶
ǿȷϵϢǺˣڹϰʱġΪûȫ
ϸڣҲΪ֪ΰ죬еϸ绰캣ʹ
ŵĻ𳵣ҵڶȥţ̣Һͺ춼û˯š

һ¹ʣһһ˵¹ʡ

ǹĳһʮˣͷߡӾݡͷҲ
лںɫϵһ˫۾ȴ͸һɾ͸
Ѫ˿Һͺ졢ͬ۾ҵʵϰظľ졢Ȼ
ڲͣĿϸãȻеܷԼʱ³ϹϪ
ĻңԸ鵹ϲ裬ںˮġѯǷҪ֮
󣬳Լһ֧̿ʼǽܵʱ

һ緹ȥϰ࣬ӵ鳤һϰߣ
Ǳͬ¶Ҫȥӡͬµ֮ǰ⼸Ҫɨһ
Ҫǰɨһ£ǰһĹ̻ÿ
ĹҲΪڵ֣εõ˳ı˵ҲΪһ
㣬ÿ궼Ҫ෢ٿǮĽ

¹ʾǳǼΪֻкԼһڳû֪
巢ʲôֻиݺͬȥϰʱĵһֳ
¹ʵԭͬڰ˵׼ʱϰʱûпƽʱ
Цվȴǵ鳤졣ǿһſڻ
һһֻûˣѾʶϣѿͷ̫
ѨҲĺۼͷѪģһ
ؼԱƲ⣺Ǻÿһȵ˳ﲢ
ʼ̽ȥʱ
Сѹ˻Ŀأǽʼת

Ψһǣ֪ΪʲôĵԴûƽʱһ
Ͽ

һ˵ΪʲôԴûаĹ涨Ͽ顣
˵һ˵תĺµͬҪÿ°Ͽ
ԴģȻÿϰʱٲϵԴڹȥļͬ
Ƕһúܺãһ⡣˵Ϊ渺𡢵ù
νĺӦò᷸򵥵ĴΪǺͬһϿ
Դ°ġңͬҲȷϣǰһһһ
Ͽ˻Դ°ġҲ˵Դܿǰһ°
ڶϰǰ˴ؽͨˣȻɴѡ

˵ﳧһڲ衣ųȲļ϶Ҫú
֤һ㡣ѽϪ춼
ʶһԹҹȹƣǺְ͵һΡϪ˵
ܺãӦò˵ѻܹ⺦졣񳧳˵ѽ
֤ǰһ°ǰһȷ˵ԴǶϿġ

˵ֽһ⣬ֺܴܿؽͨ
ԴǸ°ɨһŮΪһֻʱ
λڳŲܾ̊ĵԴΪû
мͷû֤

˳˵ҪǸɨŮ

λŮ񳧳˵Ů˵ɨ
ʱûǸԴء򵥶Ҽıֳ̬е㽩
£ʱ򳧳λɨŮ

ȵλŮ뿪˰칫Һ󣬳⳥⡣˵ǰ
ǳûгֹ¹ʣû⳥顣ƵĹ˵
ӣһ˵ɳҸԪҵȻ
˫˽¡ԣسҵľ飬ǹһԸ⳥
Ԫ˵ǿǵسҸ񹤵
ˡϣǿһ£ͬ⣬ǩһ˽µĺͽЭ飬ͬʱ߰
Ԫֽ

û˵ϸϸᣬ
˵Ҳû⡣ְ۹תеܷޣߺ
Գ˵ʮͷǮҵʱ򣬶
һһϴѧŮͥ˵һѡ

ûϴ𸴣˵Ҫȥһ¡

óڵĹ򣬺ϸ˵ɩӣܸҪ
Ŀǰ̫˹ıɱΪԵܺã
Ҳͱûͻԣ¹ʸ⵼µġ£
ʹǲͬ𣬼򹫼ұҲûж塣
룬ڸһ㣬ǿԽܡ

ϸŵ˵ͷκ졣ԱߵϪҲ˵һһһ
⳥Ǯ

ʱ򳧳СŴ˵ǳίһ£Ϊ
ͬ־ԳĹףҲΪͬ־ͥľǿ԰
ߵʮ򡣵ǳŬˣϣܹ⡣
ڵصĹѾǴ¼ˣſȥҪ
Ǽͬ⣬ͿǩǮ

ͬʮԪĸ𡣡˵

29

ھѧҵİһʮѧΪȫ֪Ĳƾѧ
ڹרҵѧҵѡʮѧо
Ҳڱҵǰ˳ҵ˹ðվѧȥ˱Ϻ
ݡڵһ߳УȻЩֻܸǹڣ
صǸԵʡǣлҲй΢һЩҲڵؼ
ҵһݲĹСǰΨһصسϰѧȻ
ѧУÿ궼õ˽ѧ𣬳ɼҲһֱˮƽ

ҵ˶صййȡƾѧʱ
ԤԵһ֪ϢʾǲΪְֲ
Ҫضչ衣ͻǱضСط
Ӧȥдһչ˺Ӧ취

ûֱӻش⣬ǺֻдһⳤĶţ
װ壬ǳлһֱҵĹģ
յΡ̹׵˵ҾصһԭȷΪ衣
һҪԭ򣬾Ҿ﹤û̫Ϊ
͹ĺûȡԼ̬ȡѧҵʵϰʱȥͬĳ
СССÿһУڿеʱһϵصĳĵĹ
ͶһӲңȻڲ߿λÿصַ
ſţÿеıͬģҵͬģͬģ
Ҳ֮еƣΨһֻͬͷԡνһ߶ߣ
һĳУֻҪԼúûţžСڵ
ԼҪûǰôϿҲԼȥһ߳зܶҺԸ
ڼسǺúù㹻ľûۺο͵ȥ
硭

Ļشúеȣھĳ졣Ȳ˵۵Ƿ
ȷչֳĶ˼úе⡣Ӵںֶ
ŮͲСŮͻص˶ϸס˵
תøһҵһеļʷ

ھصĵڶ꣬ķز˾ڶγΪ˶
̨ǡһβΪ˾һСΪƸһˡ
˵ȻһҪȻͲšԭһеУȻ

ȻȻһμʱôƺģ͸ʶ
һǺĸͬѧбҵһʡǵʦѧ
Ժѧϵȴѧҵֺһ䵽һеʦȻ
ѧ

˵ȻǵϵĵһУ޳Ӣһ˫
۾ңȻһûˡΪֳĹӣȻ
Сͽܹõʽ¡ǡ塢ȫ淢չȻԼҲ
ѵʶϵһѧεʱѧԼһλͳ˶
һУ԰ԣ˺һǲʦ˿һ
ǲʦҳ裬ǲʦ˶
дʫǲʦڸǣ϶ǣһѧ
ʦ

ȻȻǸȫţҲóĵطѧѧ
ϲĶʦѧԺϵΪ
ѧϵһ̵ѧ꼶û
ϹҲסΪ֮е顣ңһĹ
֡ѧ츳ɫݽڲŶΪһӮҲΪ
ԼһӮ˵λھһʧܵѧʦ󣬲Ȼͱ
УίڲȻȫţίһܺõĵطԣ
ЧĹټڴѧڼͻ˵ĵԱݣòȻڼ͵
УίǵλãͬʱУСУ
ְְͨλĴţòȻҵϲپί˵
Ȼ͵УΪнֳϰ֡˵Ҳе
һҲӦÿУίǼĳɫĹɼң
ίǺУ󣬲Ȼһڿҿҵعû꣬
ֱγһеĸУǸʱʮ꣬־ֳĸ
ѾˣԴҲòȻ˸УĲȻѾ
Ҳһӡȶļͥˣһְλˣһ
嶼ῪʼһˮƽλĶȻܲһ
ڼֶ޳ģͨϰպѿһѧ
ĸУϤȻͬȴһ뷨Ȼ־ԶУԶ
Ŀڡ

ȻܶͬΪǰ;ȻڸУλϾճסƨһ
ʮ굽ʮ꣬ȻͬڳƺʱϰߵذѡȥֻС
УǸȴͣļֽϡػ־
ҵУǵòһת˽ܽԭ˵Ҫ
ΪȻûнѧ˵ǰУʦҲй
һִ̾ˡȻֻ̹һѧһܲɹת
ˡڴҶΪȻҪڸУλϸһӵʱʮ
ĲȻͱؽζһеУְλڴҾȵת
ˡ

˾ȵĻں档Ȼתһеʦڴ
ڴʷУκѻҪķ߽ʦ
ѧɼǷḻУ԰ĻǵģȴǲȻһ
ְ顣ոձγһУĲȻҪȥְȥ˴󺣹˾һ
ҸɲԱõĸеУְȥһ˽˵ҵ
ڵʱĶͷšȻѡ񲻽ڶٳɧҲ
˷ӵۣе˶ȤĴ󺣹˾ͨʲô
ħһУУġ̨һɷ˵ˣԭһ
УȻʹ󺣹˾³

ԾͷȻĻ侲̣ҪлίԼ
ҵκҲҪлһеʦҶ֧֡һй
ʮбһ֡һĺǿˣԸȥԲͬ
սо仰ʮſʼҾʮһһ
ְҵµĻ￪ʼҵ°⣬Ҫرл󺣹˾Ķ³
Ϊṩȫµƽ̨ҲҪлйҵĵ
ӹڣ˵Һܺãҽá

ϵӲ̫ĺЩ˵ҷǳ뵽ԭһеУ
Ȼǹ˾ڵζһУڼչֳ˽ܳĹ
쵼ڸٷչеĴ󺣹˾Ҫġǹ
˾ܾȫ渺˾йţļ˽ǹ˾
ߵһΣΪ˾δչ춨õĻһҪر
һ£ڹ˾ѵõ˾İٷ֮ʮĹɷݡ
ǹ˾֮˽ܺԼҪ﹫һ£Աʾǹ˾
˲ŵ̬ȡᣬΪ˾Ķ³һӭ·Ӣ
ˣδΪʮ򶫽˵İҵĹסллң

ܲ⺣Ͱٷ֮ʮĹ˾ɷݸȻ飬Ȼ
ѾǶʮѡҽ˵ûйϵͽһ⣬
һ˫Ӯ⡣ҸԻ񣬺˽һĽ͡˵
ȷ˾ֵһԪȫ麣ԼҲ˵ʲһԪ
Ȼܾ󣬲Ȼ쵼ԭϵѹ˾
Ӫĸã˵ѹ˾ļֵߵԪĻаٷ֮ʮɷݵ
жһʮԪʲаٷ֮ʮɷݵĲȻҲоʮԪ
˶лˡ

ˣԽʺΪʲôȷȻļ˾ù˾
Ӫøá

ش˵ΪӪز˾֪꣬˾Ҫʲôܱ
øãȻǹ˾Ҫ˲š

һ֤ǶԵġ

Ȼܾ֮󣬲﹫˾õ˼λüõĽõأ
ù˾ش淽ڶĶز˾ӱҹ淶˹˾
ƶȣ˰ЧʺͽԼӪɱܾλĺ죬
ҪľشͬʱȻȫ֧֡ʮ
ѣʮľɵˣΪ˶زѴ

ڰѹ˾ľӪһȶ󣬲Ȼһȫز
綼Ϊ֮кõĴ¡ԭĵУʱڻϵɹ
سСѧƵĸĸũѧûسǻڵĵسƷ
¿ԾͶسǵѧУȻѾڽĲȻܾĸ
ֻҪٵ

֮ǰҲ֪سǵСѧͳкáСѧ
Ǿͽѧġ˵Ļũ壬ôŮֻũѧУ
ͶȻżҲũ廧ڵѧȥسǵѧУǿ϶ͨϵ
Žȥġũ˵ȻϣԼĺȥسѧУ飬л
⡣ڶ꣬ũ廧תسǻѾҪǮֻҪҪת
ͿԡûԸתˣΪһתɳ򻧿ڣͲũҲû
ءǰضũ˵ǸΪÿ궼ҪصĶ
صũҵ˰ǰҲǩ꣬ũҵ˰ȡˡҲȡ
ũҵ˰ũֵزҲǰĶŵġԣʱũ
񣬾ڼʲôҲ쵽ﲹңʱũĺô
ũҵ˰ȡﲹķţҽƱϡũ忪
ʼµҽƺƶȣÿũÿֻҪʮǮͿũҽ
ƱաԺסԺܱٷ֮ʮҽԺҲԱٷ֮ʮ
ǵʡҽԺҲԱٷ֮ʮءһĳ˳򻧿ڣǾʲô
ûˡǸʱûжϣȥسǻڣҤһЩԭ
سǻڵĻũҵڣѾˡ

ԣسСѧĸ֮󣬵س򷿵ũ˾һӶ
ǰܱũ廧ڣسѧУѧأȻ
Ʒļ۸ѾǵÿƽһǧٿǮǰһ
ӽ˵ⶼСˡ

˵һ˼飬һ캣һСγ
ҤдŹ˾ֵСγѾˣ˹˾칫
ãΪ³һµİµϳҲû˹˾Ĺ档ÿ
λصҤһ춼ᵽһɵһ
첻ǹ˾飬Ҳٻ˾ķӣǹ˾ķ
һ㶼ڻûнǰˡƫƫĵһṦ
һ׷ӣһҪġ

Ҫӵǲ÷죬е㲻˼ȿ̸ӵ飺죬
һ¿Ҫæأ

ڵõ΢ЦŹ󣬲÷˵뷨죬Ҽӽ
ˣڴСѧһ꼶ϪŴ绰˵Ҫúȥسѧ
໨ǮûйϵҲ֪ϪԼûж飬ϣڶ
еϢⲻ˵ֻҪس˷ӣũҲȥسǵѧУˡ
ԣҼϪس׷ӡԷҲûжҪ󣬾ϣ¥
һ㣬Ƕ¥岻ãԺԲ¥Ҫģ
ʹĹؽ̫ܲص

Ц˵û⣬϶һɹõĶ¥׷Ҽ۸Ҳ
Żݵġ

÷ϵЦչ˵ǰҾź!
۸񵹲⣬ϵϪ˵ӹһ㶼ûйϵؼҪúһ
ѧУ㡣Ҷسǲ죬Ϫ쳤ҲϤԻҪ
æӦȥĸСѧãȻķӡԻ鷳
ˡ

߲÷죬˵Ҳѡ콨÷˾СԱ߸տ
СķӡСʮǰСѧЩѧ
һСͶСҪһЩ˵ǹ˾һСС
Զĵطԭ˵ص̺ĴԺԺСѧͺܷ㡣
ңȵСУسõĳУҲǶУСҲһ


һĹ򣬾һ׷ӡʵҪ
һᣬܻһףΪ÷ģҤв١
ÿֻͣһᣬȻټܾ³ȴԽ
Խæ

ҲΪæòȰҰᵽسȥһס뷨
ʮһסĲ¡Լ˵ǰǳ
ָҵֱӲˣƽʱˮϴ·
⡣úģ˵ֻҪסҤΪס̤
ʵ֡ᵽسȥҾͲ֪룬û׼ˡ
ûǿȻһΪҵ÷һЩ
˺ܴĸ졣úĻ˵ִ

ô˵ɣڸ󣬳ǽԺڵ쾮ûб仯⣬
ˡÿĵ϶ȻĴʯשÿש
ƽףԵúܴǽڶשͷˮ࣬ȻͿˢס
ڵϷ˶õҲǰɫĲϡԵ˴߽ݣȥ
ͳķûʲô𡣲ǷӵòˣǷĹҲˡ
᷿ĳһС͵ĻҡݵҲǰ
֣ǰһһһֽһҺһװˮ
䡣ݵԭĶߵļҶͨˣ˶ҡԭ
Ϊ᷿ǳҲʽִĵߡ
̻ϴ»ϴ⣬ΪִĳҪ
װˮΪ˵õˮݺһṹ
߼ܣݷҪһЩȻһִˮͰ߼ϣ
һµˮˮóˮѵˮ鵽ˮͰˮܰˮˮ
Ͱͳˮѹһ㣬ͳˮûʲ
ô

Էôĸı䣬ȻΪһ˵ҪȻҲ
Ӧ˷ѡ˵װ޺֮;ܴͶһ
ס컹˵Ժ˾ҪǿС͵쵼飬Ҳһܺõڡ

֮󣬺ĩʱʱһʱ
Ҳʮˣͷ˺˵ٹһ׵߾ͻᳬ
죬ԺٻȺ߳һͷʱ뿪Ц˵׳ø
ΪŴĺûʱԱ߾ͻ˵ҪӦù鹦Ӫ˵
ԼĻҲǲģֻΪСʱԵĲԲųòһߡ
׳ԵĺܺáС꼶ǱҵѧÿҪϰ˸Сʱ
ѧϻؼһҪСʱҵΪڸ涼вʣ
˼ĩϿεĵĸѧ١鷨Ϊڷ
㹻Ӫ޸ڳṩ˳ֵѡԣȻ
ۣԵûͦ֡

˵رϲũɢļµĵǸһ
סĩϣһ࣬һһˡ
һñȽ磬ΪӰ˯һһ㡣
緹ãѾϰ˵ˡˣҳһˡ
ҽгԷҲ˯´ӷ߽䡣׵ûʲô
˵һ춼Ҫ˯ŵΪÿΨһ˯
Ļᡣȳԣ׾͵˯˵ȵ緹
ʱҲ˿ŵˣ׻ûǿе㲻̫ˣȥ
׽ûȫ˯ѵڼ򵥵ˢϴ֮ߵ
ǰ

أʡ

㲻̫үүرأһ˵һȥ


Ҳ࣬Ǹţ̰ɡһߵͷ˺һ˵

ȥȥȳţ̡

ף̫үүļµļء
һ˵Ȼʣµһݸס

׽ӹȥһ㵰׷ŵȻ˳

İҲԡ˵

ðɣҳˡᣬùȥҲһ¡˵

ʱţѾȺˣҲѾһ룬
¶ȥ̡һСھеְ̣ѱӷ£
һβ˳һ£ȻְѿӷʱȺõ
͹Ƿŵ׵ǰְѵ׺͵ƷֿȻ
󽫵׷ŽѵƵ˺ǰٵذˡ

Ʊȵ׸ӪأԱ̲ס˵һ䡣

ҲŲԵأˡ׻ش˵

ٺȵ̰ɣȻˡ˵

ˣһһ˵

Ѿûмˣ˵ȥһɣ


Ƕǰǰ˰Сʱʣ˴뱭ţ̺Ͱ
ҪǺ᲻æҪʣơԺÿλصݶ
Ҳ˵׵ĩϰߡΪҵĲ⣬컹
һ˵ҲͳԷЩ滹Ǻġ

ҵȷЩ⣬Ժ˵˵ײݵˣΪݴ
ûԶ˵ʱˣС컹˵ʵҲ
ûйϵؼڷʱȡ㹻ӪУ˷һʳ
Ʒʲô˵Щʱû۾ңЩҲҸеİ


˴źͺӻݹĩ컹ͬᡣʱ򣬶
Ǽ¸ĽСҾͻóĻһ㶼ȽСٵʱ
ˣʱҲ߸ˡ⣬ÿαһ˾ǲȻ
װͦĲȻݷǳ͡һүү
ڼĸȻҲҲȻ

˾ᣬ춼ϰ칫ҵһλŮСƯմѧ
ҵܻദļ¼سеĲˮ
ĵ׼ÿҪȥˮʱͻֹܹңЦ˵
Ӧ顣ͬڶ᷿ʱһ㶼ѷŹš
Ҿͻӳȥ˼ȥǺÿΨ
һݴسǼĶ

ĻǲڵģƵʱһھһΣٵʱһ
ҲԼݵĴǻȶģÿΡ
ᵽĿʹźӻסʱһ˰ؼҶݵ
ʱһŮǵģʱһŮ˻Ůˣ
ЩŮˣΪǶǶʮӣͦã
һױҲѿǲǺͬ£ֻ˵ѡÿһ
Ů˵ʱ򣬺ͻȥʵ˵Ҳ֪Ҹóȥ
ˣȻ˳ݴŴϡȵذҤǰ˸飬
ŵһȥҪʱݵĴŻǹŵģҾͻȥ
졣µ˿һӼͶ֪Ǻˡ

ֻأ÷ܻʡ

ЦЦͷҲ֪÷ǲǴҵЦ￴һЩȻ
ԤеʲôҲԸ̸Ҳת˻⡣Ҿ
ţȴҾһŲ÷˵һڴݴŴ
һŵһεݾ͸ֵᡣһ
ļҲΪδ

30

Щر˵ĲΪ˻ᡣ˻Աй
˵Ǵ£ݡҤԶ˵ûӰġ
˵رǶԶ˵ģҲݡ

괺ǰũǩʱ򣬵ʱǰ
еģǩÿһŽҪ
ݵ쾮Ǵһٶ๫Ϸ˹ģŽϷ
ۡϷ۽۵ĹʵƤرڹŴΪʡز
ϣҲϷṱۡϷ᲻ͬʡһͬһ
˵Ϸṱ۾ǵز˵֣ȻԶ
ӻֻϷأĽζͻб
Ҷ˵⣬˵Ϸɽʺֹ۵ġ
Ϊ˳ɹԺý첻ھһ
ãһϷһ

ݵԺӻͦ󣬶᷿ҲߣԺ쾮мĽ
ܼ̫ˮ־͸ǲȱԵú˳ڸչ֦ͷ
Ķ˾Ϳʼ³ѿ絾ûв֮ǰĽӻѾˣ
ʼȵĳģѾɫĹӡ

챱İ˻Ὺúʱ򣬶Ҳӭӽ
ĸı䣺ؽУǶԶ˵ر顣ڱ
Ψһͨ𳵵أǰͨĴϺȥʡǵĸٹ·Ҳڶһ
ڡΪͨأľúңңȡ
ĸ￪ʮĻ֮󣬶Ҳ˳µسΪؼС

ؽжͨϰ˵ӰҲ󣬱ҤҤ
ũֵػֵءһСֵ˵вСӰ졣˵سɣ
һ¾ͱгˣгسǿǺ̫ˡƺϵ
ģܹıϰĶʵġ˵ɣΪؽУܶ
λҪģ˵ƬҪǼҾ쿪һҹ湫˾
ͺõöˣϵһ⡣˵Ҫһ£
컹йϰ֮࣬ǰ콨ڲͶʿһС
湫˾ġ˾СԱҲ˵һС꣬Ҫơ
Ƭ⣬һЩִӡҵ񡣾Լճȥϰֻ࣬°
ĩȥ˾ζУһǰͻȷˣõ
ڲϢŽȥһС˾ġ

Ϊһķز˾Ķ³ĺ죬ȻҲŴζ
л档˵ɣһǰĹ˾Ѿʼģع
򽨷õأصĴҲһͶʡΪΪкƷ
۸Ͼ˰ٷ֮ʮƤǺ칫˾ҪĿ꣬
ǵĿǴ˵Ҫ޽Ķáؼر
ߣµиǮ衣ڶн󣬴˵
ĶĿʼб꽨ˡΪкϯ蹤̣ҲΪн
ĵر꣬õĽõ˶ίĸ߶ӡίǡ
Ҳԭίܶõбͽ衣ίǲǶ
ˣڶʮ꣬Ӹʱĸسسٵڵίǡ
˵ʮҪڶίǵλˣþ
ΪԼʮĶµһƷ˵һ

ͲȻʶǡʶտʼز˾
ʱ˾ĵһСǡҲǵسʵġȻ
Ǿ͸ϤһЩΪڵζһиУУڼ䣬Ȼй
ֱӽĻᡣΪĲȻ˺ӡ
ιȻúøɣȡΪĹס˵Ȼܹ
УλתΪǿ˵˵ġԣڴУλ
ۺ󣬲Ȼپе㹼ǵࡣ

Ϊһ޴Ḷ́ί˶ع
˾Ȼ뷨ܹ˵ͨбʱѴýѹ
СķʽųҵϣûĿ
ҵ⣬Ȼ˼жز˾Ŀ⡣Ϊʩ
б֤ίбĹ˾ƶϸ׼׼ڶʮ
·زĹ˾ֻļҷ׼浱Ȼ󺣹˾
Ϊ֪öԶҪԣ󺣹˾б־ڱصáΪ
زѵϣͲȻбеõ˳ֵ
չ֡ǲǰһЩڲϢҲֵ֪ļ
ԣ󺣷ز޹˾ʹǮҲҪ¶б
ʱбͲ⡣Ź˾쵼ӻصݿ칦
ʱݵĽϵϷ۽ҲˡɫҶĳ£ԲԲ
Ӹơ˵ǹ˾ð˽ơ

ίǸбĴ󺣹˾Ҫ󡣵һʩϵ
֤Ϊǽĵر꣬ҲǶ档ڶʮĶ
ñһ󿢹򽨹ʮ⣬ҲԺͲȻ˵ί
ᱣ֤ʽͬʱҲᾡΪõĽṩʩ
ûʳԣΪõʩṩʽıϡбһ
ͲȻ˹˾еԴΪȷʩڱ֤
һǰ˳ؽУ˾Ŀȫͣʩ
ʱҲἰʱڡһҲǽ
ʮǰϦڿͶʹˡ

ӴӶȻתһʮȵȥ
Ķþͽڶӹ䴦ıʮĶãһ
¥Ķ¥ɡĶ¥彨ֱ¥Ķϱ
ĸϡ¥¥ģҲ˵¥һ֡ĸ¥ֱ
ڵĴУйСйũҵСйУ;칤
йС¥˵ʮ㣬»㡣µĵһ
ġУµڶ͵ǿͣżСγͣ
ϵĵһ㵽Ĳ¿Ķ̳һЩܹƷ
㵽ʮǸĶݣҲΨһǼƵꡣƵ
пͷпԾٰ켸˹ģϯĲͻġϵĵʮ
һ㵽ʮ˲ȫûпѾһյĶԢԢ
ﶼʮƽ׵ĵ䣬䵫ûгıݵķһ
ֻסġΪԸһĽ㣬
Ȼ۸񰺹󵫻ǹӦ󡣴õ߲㣬ҲǵʮŲ͵ʮ㣬
һò͡ҲԺȲĿϵ㶼ԲεĲṹ
ǸݵڡʮŲһûбĻδ
ǿԱĹڣ˵λܿŲĵط
ʮĽṹ͵ʮŲƣܿĿλñָ
һİ䣬ʺһЩ˽ܵԼᡣ

ڶĿеģί֡
ΪõĽߣͲȻȥμӡ޺Ķһ
ˣӰڶĶˮյǧ졣ϣŷ
޷ʵ˵ú׶ɳĿѧĻ˵Ŷ
ýɳĿѧĻһΪԴĽر˴󺣷
ز޹˾Ϊڶұ֤˶õĽ衣뵽
ԱһɱͺӰĺͲȻһͲڶز
ľأҳΪ˶ҵǡ

õĽΪ󺣹˾ӮûΪ˾һǮú
Ļ˵ǻ˹һĹʡⲻ⣬úĹ˾
佨һ˾ĪĹϵĹϵù˾
õأ˲ͼ̡ô˵ɣ
ߵĺϣڹ滮һ³ǡݹ滮ｫ
µĴ¥Ϊ³ﻹµѧУ׶
԰Сг⣬ݴ˵ҽԺҲǨԤ
Ĺ˾˳µسΪ³ǽǲõһ
ĽĿõСءЩԴú
˾һָٷչͨԶԶذͬ˦˱󡣺칫˾ĸ
ٷչһЩСϾͿԷӳ˾ΰĹһ
һ췱æııһǰʮ˼ӵһٶˡ
⣬ǰҲˣʱᳬʮˡ
Ȼ컹ᾭŮ˻ÿȻһʱҲȻ֪Ȥ
ظȥ

ȫ½׶εĺ칫˾ҲȫµľӪ˼·úĻ˵Ҫ
蹫˾ҵĻ˵Ҫö֪󺣹˾һĻҵ
˵Ǹز뵽еһЩͷزûйϵĻȥ
дԵһ£ӦþǶлѡˡ

ڲٳУдԵĻܣлЩѡɻ
ȾЩѡĵϣӺݸЩѡɽ軨Ԣⳤʢ
˥ΪʫˣͲȻԼͬ뵽Ҫ³Ķѡ
ȡزŵֺ֧󣬴󺣹˾ٰлѡ
Ϊλ췽ֻһͷļʣµ鶼Ϊ
а췽ȫĴ󺣹˾ȥִСΪ˹Ĳ飬Ĺ˾
ÿͶƱһʮԪĲֽʽֱӷţ
Ϊǲģṩһѵ͵ķʽʵСѡƱŶ
Ұⳣʮֻܣѡֻһֻϻ緢ŵѡƱ
գȻֳƱƱйļල½
ģ㳡һ޴Ļֱֳ֪Ϊһѵ
ãǴҶⳡѡȷȤ㳡ɽ˺
μѡ֡

컹ҽӵֳֳסСѧĲ÷
ޣǶøԵ֤쵽һѡƱѡƱдǶʮֻ
ɻɽ軨һž黨ջľӻ÷𻨡ڻ
֮ǰЦһѡһ֣˵ҿ϶ѡҤģž黨ɽ
ӻѡʱҹɽ軨ɽ費ʱ䳤
ҽĹӻܼӹʵĲ͡÷ѡӻ˵岻ã
ӻĹʵҩ÷ܺãѡҲӻ
ӻܳŵ˳ԡ

˵ǴлѡǶʷҲ͸ѡ١Ʊ
ʱʮͶƱһſÿǰ˳ƱԱ߻һλ֤
ԱȻƱĽʵʱش͵ڴĻʾڹ㳡
󺣷ز޹˾־Ϊľ޴Ļϣдźѡʮֻ֡
ûʽƱ֮ǰĻϲŻиڸ϶岥󺣹˾
档ȵƱʼˣĻϵĸֻѡƱĿͲͣؿʼƱ
Сʱм仹ͣ˼ϢȻϢʱ򣬻ǲŸ
͹档ӳƱһʼڴĻϽȵľһֱֻɽ軨ž
ӻҺܸˣΪȻҶʮˣ˼û
󡣵ȵƱʱ򣬶ž黨ʼ󾢲ˣǰɽ軨
ԽԽԶҸӸһЩΪѡɽ軨ġɽ軨
Ľڽӽβʱ򶼻ûзֳʤֱһ볪Ʊ䶼Ѿ
˵ʱѡɽ軨ſʼӻ΢ȣҲάֵ


ӻĵѡЩʧȴ˵ӻĵѡܸˣΪ
Լѡľӻ˵ӻš

ȵĹ˾ӻʱҲ֪ӻԭ֡
һ־Ҥĵ㻨ģӻζŨԵ˳
ĹʵҩһǶ㻨ģζŨ
 ûйʵֲͬƷֵӻڶĴСֵĽĺͶ
ֲţұ޼˹״ЩĹ˾
ȫһٿ׸ߵĴӻֲ԰˵
ȫΨһӵôģӻֵĳй԰Щӻֲ
ɴ󺣹˾ġȻЩʱ򣬴󺣹˾Ҳû
ԼӡЩЩӻ԰չˣǴŴ
󺣹˾־Ĺġ԰Ƭӻһʯ
ʯлѡֲ飺

Ԫһ£ɶί졢󺣷ز޹˾
лѡĻУӻѡٵķʽɹѡӻڶҲ
ƻӻĿݿƣԭйӻΪ̹ľҶɫļ̣
׻ţƢڽǰϺ·ֲҲΪԹ
ͣ廨װΡӻڶҰڣͬʱҲ
˹ࡣѡӻΪл󣬶д󺣷ز޹˾ӻ
ֲиֵͶøûΪڵҪֲ̻ͬʱ
д󺣷ز޹˾ȫع˴ӻһٿԵ
԰齨ȫӻ֡ίϣȫ񰮻һ
лášƢӻΪı־ԡ

һһһһ



ԣӻζʱǿ϶󺣹˾
úĻ˵ǴлѡٺʵʩĹЧӦѾԶԶǹ˾
ΪµͶ롣ңһЧӦͱ˾üֵʱ
򷿣򵽴󺣷ز˾СΪ٣˾С
Ÿȫıʩõҵ񣬻иб֤ЩϢ
ͨлѡĹеĹ洫ϰյġ

ڴӻҤٵʱ򣬲÷³һ˳
Щġ

ʮ¥ָߣ

˭
󺣹˾
ʻأ
ٻ˭һ
㳡ѡ
ӻȫ޵С
ӻ
񶼰䡣
Ҫδ
Ҥ¡

÷˵˶ΪĹ˾Ϊ¡
һЩ̫ͬúѡлֻ
һֻ֣ǸԵһ֡ܽǼ깫˾ٷչ
ԶõбΪԶõĽ˳Ϊ㣬Զ³ǽ
ΪлѡΪƶȻ쵼¹˾ȫԱŬ
˻Ի͡һгɼԴع鹦ǿŴϣ
ν󼪣ۣ

ܽᣬשҤʱȡ֣ף
ʱ˵ǻ˼

31

칫˾ĳɹͲȻΪ˶е˽¼
ͲȻĸ˵ʲѾڼơ˸ҵһ
ʽĲƸа񣬺ͲȻڰռǰں쵱϶еġ
ʱĶҲѾѧҵˡʱϸ
ṤĶһжһǱΨһصУÿӳбҵ
¼ȡǧѧҲȫеǰǧǧѧɼֵʮ
ɼõǰʮõһģ࣬Ȼǰ
ͱֵ˸ڶεļӰ࣬ʣµһǧİʮѧֻȥʮ
ͨˡһÿܿ߰ѧԽģ
ӰѧϾһֻ̤˴ѧУţͨѧͺˣ
ȵ˸߶ƣķְƶҲɱ

׶ƵļӰ࣬ǸӰĳɼϵȣ꼶
ҲеһҡһеĹ涨Ϊ̹ŮױǿƸ
ģġײȥ˵ȥģѹ̫ͺҲ
ֻգڼӰֻҪܰ꼶ǰһĳɼά
ȥһѧͲ⣬һǲĴѧ쵱꿼ѧʱ
򣬳ɼڶҲǶһҡ

Ϊ˾ķæϲ׵ĽΨһ¾ǿ
ÿοԵĳɼȿ˾ĲݵĴٶˡ
һн飬˳㿴ܺöӲ⡣˵ȻѾһװ
壬ҲпʮƢǱȽ˳ҲࡣȻڳԷϣ
׻ǱȽԣѧϰϣƽʱ׶˵ȥġ
ΪС׳治̫ó⣬ڸ١滭Χ
涼úܲ뿪Ц˵Ψһĵľѧʱ
סƯŮջ󡣵ҲõģΪѧ
ʱ׼̸ϴѧͿˡҲǺ
طӡ

˱ҵ׶Σ׵ѧϰ͸æµˡһѧڸչã
ʦͰѿαˣǰ˸ϰ׶ΡϰԾͣģ
ԾΪҵѧ׵һܴġϰ˵㿪
ʼϿΣĽڿκʮ緹ھСʱݺĽڿ
ˣȵؼҴҴҵسϾҪϵѧУȥϴߵ㵽
ʮϰȵϰؼңϴˢʮһøϽ˯Ϊڶ
ָȥѧˡ˵죬ԣû졣
һճϿΣ̺һģһȵ
ѧڿеʱϢˣϢҲֻһϡҲ˵
ϲϰĿλҪճϵġ

ѧϰ˳ҲżԹ˵Լһ̨
ͣĻʱͻ˵ͽСʮ꺮ࡱ˵ֻ
ܳ˲ʸȥԺ𡣶Ļŵģ
ıԹҲûˣԽԽڷˡڱҵڷѧϰ
ףöԶԼϾ˼ӽĺ춼ܸˣ
ٵĵŸ߿֮Ĵѧ¼ȡ֪ͨ顣
ǳڳɼȶȫǰһ˵ϴѧֻѧУû
⡣

ʱ֣һ˳ʱ˳⣬ܴ
⡣׵ʱײˡ׵õǰѪҲѪ

ȷвӦԼΪȷеԼǶʱر
ƣͣڼ¥Ҷеûаϣ
Ϊѧϰ̫۵µġֱһ죬ῴűĴϴ
һЩߣǲѧУ˴ˡڵõط֮
ڶʹȥҽԺҽ˵ܺΣҪת
ʡǵҽԺơһ¾ͽȥʡǡʡ
ҽԺױΪѪҲסԺˡ

֪׵˰Ѫ쿪Լ򲻾õġơСγ
ҺϸȥʡҽԺ˼˺һڣ𳵴
ϵʡǵĸĸĸݣͷһ룬ǰ
ݶˡҵڶμĸףҲ˵ԴӶʮǰǴ
Ҥ֮ûм˵ھֳЩ˼˵ʲô
ȴŲڡڰ֣˼Ǹ鶼ȥˣŵ˰Ѫ
ףʲô¶С¡

Ϊ¸ȾҪҽԺﲻҪءΪ˷ֹѪֹ
סÿ컹ҪѪС塣ЩƶֻǷֹȾͳѪģҽ˵Ҫ
ưѪҪֲǰһͺʵĽ˵Ĺϸ
䵽׵׵ĲõĹϸӶõ

ҽ˵Ҫҵͺʵ˺ѣҪҽ˵Ĺ
ͳɹĸҪö࣬ԹǼȥͻ顣ڳĺ졢ᡢ
ϸ϶Ѫȥ顣ĸĸҲȥҽ˵һ
ֲľֻʮµģԲѪҵˣ
˵ȻˣӲʵûܱıأͬʱ治ɫ˼¸
ҽҽޱؿңﲻɿڡ˵Ȼ
Ĺ費̫ãܱûǿɣ˵ҪҵҲʮµ
ľߣһָպͣܶٻҵӶɡҽ
仰ǿ˵ͷҺḸĸȥѪ顣

˵ȥҸ飬˵ѾҲˡǰḸĸ
һߣỹиãѧҵȥѧȻ
ûٻһߣ׿ʼĴݣҲڳҡ
졢ϸ죬Զ޵ݵеܡ뵽еܣֻ
QQƵϵеϵϻϼһˡеܽ鼸
һԶŮϹϼҵسסš컹
СҲϹ顣Ȼҽ˵ûѪԵϵϣС˵С
ϣҲϣСǾеͬ£;һ󣬸ͷҲ
ࡣ˽ҼСΡСӺòЩ
ͦá֮ǰˣ˵ԺϸһС
ҲͬˡҾþСĹϵУռġԣ췢һ
ϢС͸ϵʡѪˡ

ĽͳˡûѪԵϵСϸ
ͲɹѪԵϵôֱӵľ졢еԼĸĸҲ
ײ̫䣻Ϊ׸ĸͺ죬Ҳźʧܡ
Ϊ游ңȻΪΨһԸ׾ˡ
˷ܵ벻Լٽȥʱ򣬻ӳ
ҽұ̫ˣΪϾʮˣ˵ҵʱ
ƣҪһʱֲҽȻϼ
壬ͬʱҽԺҲȫĹѰǷӺʵľߡȵ
׵״̬ԽֲܹˣҪǵʱҲͺõߣ
ôȥʡҽԺ

ֻص˶һûлصҤҪס
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С㳡ΪĵطУΪĵط̫СҪ
壬ԴСһСŽ붫һеУ԰һִ˶
˵һִ˶Ϊкɫֲܽܵɫ
ϲƺдӵĴͿ̨ϲƺϻûȻ
ŶڡдλõĿ̨һһΣѧУ˶ʱõ
ܽܵÿ˲١·ܲĸоܺã
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ܣΪϿãҿܵʱܸ·
˵ٶȡϵʱ·ҲǿߣΪǶʲô
ġ˻϶ѧУļϵʱ򻹻һЩѧ
Ĵ˺󣬺һЩ˻ϼ䡣

үӣÿͦðˣʮ
˰ɣһʮ긾Ůҡ

Ǻǣٲһ¡Ц˵

Ҷ˰ɣ˼ܰ˵̫ˣܵ
ʮ˰ɣô˵ҲӦˡ˵ǿͷĺڷ

µòǶˣˣҽʮˡЦŶ˵

İ˵ĳ޺;̾˸еˣҶøж
ܵ·ҲӵңҲԼȥʡҽԺ
׾׹ˡȴٵȵȣ˵׵ĻƲŸսã廹
Ҫʱָ˵׷ˣҪףٺ˵׵ĹѾ
άˣ˹ֲҲûáڹǰ죬׻
˶

˵ҽƣΪͶٶǮҲûˡҽ˵
ڣؼҹһꡣЩԼǲ֪ģֻ
Ҫؼҹꡣȵˣָȿٳŵʱʹ
ȥϺĴҽԺơûٳţҽƵһ
뿪硣

ӵò뿪һֱ˵ûл˵Ϊƽʱ
ͺ٣⹫ƽʱӴıҶһЩҲûʲô˵
ںƽʱͺٽеĸף׻˵̸
ĹͨΨһ̸Ķĸᣬޱȵ裬
׳˰οֲ֪˵ʲôáĺӣĲͻȻٵ
ʱûüԼ׽˵ʲôˡ

ߺΨһµģ﷢ֵһռǱд
ռǡռǱĿʼдһѪ˵԰ףдڱ
ϳɰѪĸܡ

Ѫ˵԰ףһ

һʮµ׵һ죬Ҳ֪ôͱħˡտʼһ
ΪǸðĲʣص¥۵ҪŷԼ
ĲԾҲû̫⣬Ϊÿѧϰѹĩ
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Ĵ跢һЩߡտʼΪѧУ
˭ˣұ֤ûк˴ܺһ¾ͽ˵ҿ
ˡ˯һڶʹȥҽԺ鿴

ڶһΪ˱ܿ߷ͳˣû뵽Ͳ
ۣѪСֵܸҿ˸Ц100300ֵȴ˸λֻ3
ҽԺĴ˵ΣҪתʡҽԺơ˶һһһ
ҿʡǸϣʱһֹ۵ΪԵÿȥҲ졣
ҵǣʡҽԺȷΪѪM4Ϊ¸ȾҲΪ³Ѫ
ҿʼ˳ʮԴҲ´

Ѫ˵԰ף

һʮգ˺ͬѧ󲿷ֶ֪ҵĲ飬ǶȰҪǿԣ
Ҹеůڵİ༶ϢΪļ裬Ȼ
ĲȱǮٶҺܸжտʼļ˵Ǳĥļ죬
Ҳǻ㿪ĵļ졣ƵļҲ֪ԼǶôشһ
ǴĽͲãƶҪС˻ֻҪУȴҪʮ
졣Ȼҽ˵ұȾҪȫǣֲòʼ˹ˮġ

ÿƶҪѪС塢أ׵ġεġθġ
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ͿһƽʮǱȽΣյʱڣ
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Ѫ˵԰ף

ʱһһĹȥɲɫѪСһֱָλ
ڴϰӣҽҲ˵ӿҪҽԺˡһˣһ
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ŸλѪСоյػصԼļУԴʲô
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ѪҺȥһѣΪǱߵҽԺãһλͬѧĸ׾͵˺
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ͳ˼̵ռǡ

¶ʮգеҪȥҽԺѪˣڶ
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˵ͦǿġ

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ǣʧȥΨһĺӡ

˵ǣ󣬺ᶼⳡ˳
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ҾͲҽˣ֪ҵ˶Һ졣֮ǰ
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˰̣ʱǲȥġһȬˣôȥ
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ԵүүʱҺᶼƽš

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ȡôĲƸҶҲԼĴ𰸣ҵһζ
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ȡ˲ƸһĿǲȷ

ǰ˵ģȻΪչңһĹ˾һ˳е
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Ͷ겻ζһĿζܷסһߺͶ֡Ϊһ
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ҺȻ뷨Ҫ·һǰҲԥغͲ
Ȼվһ𡣵ʱҵ뷨ͲȻͬˡҼԪ߱ģ
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ãȻ˵죬ΪֵܣҾͲ˵ˡҾ
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šµĶŮͻص졣ҿĿǰΨһİ


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ˡ

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ɡԥǲҪһʿؼҡʱһư˹
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һҵĹ˾ҵڼƵʲһأǽȥײ
ˣҵʲ͹˾û˼̳ˡʹ׻ڣܰЩȥ
УЩʲҵġ׸ĳƺţʲôֵʷж
ٸ׸Ѿ֪ˣΪѰˣ˼ס
ƶͿʿʱһǿֻõĶȥ

ԡԣһ˵ļֵõʲôΪ
ʲô

ȻصãʱͣҸһ绰һ
ҿܻȻҿصҤ

סݵүүǺ磬ڿӾ硣һ
Ҫȥ˵ѾԹˣֻүү졣ܹ
غͲͬ˴򽻵үүһСҸտڣүү
ܴ²µҪ˵ʲô

죬¡˵ɣû׼ܸ⣬Լ
үү˵

һԥţǲ˵ǲ֪Ӻδ˵˵Ȼ˵
أһᣬүүһ⣺үү˵ݵҪ
ˣ˵ǲǺܻһ飿

үүؿңʵȢһ𣿡

˵һȫİ취𣿡

үүң˵ӣҪô
һʧȥΨһĶӡˣһţ
ӡأʧȥ˺ӣȥϹô

û˵үүǿӣǰ˶Բ
£ҾͲˡϣҪٶԲᣬүүҲӦ

ݵͶˡ˵

˾ͶˣҵˣγʯҲأ˼
ǧүү˵

õģүүģͰġ˵

ԭԼ⣬ڵ仰أСӡүүЦˡ

֮Һүү˺ܾã֮ѹֵĻȫ
ͷ˳ڻصسǵļѾʮ㡣ĵƻţ
ڵҡԴߺÿ϶ҪҵҲſ˯һ
ҵʱڴϿ顣ȥ䣬ϴˢϺ߽ҡ
ĵƹڴ˯ˡġԼ˹и
˱ϡ

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ؼʮûб仯ʱǽƯ˿ʮ
ֻͣܽˡߺûٻױʪˮûù
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Ҵֲڡֻϣ˾һʮˡҪǴӱ󿴵Ļ
ȻŮ

ڶĩҴصҤ

үүؿ㲵ᣬ˵ȥԺһӰɣ
кŮһ

үүһһ仰Ѹӵ򵥻οҲͬ飬
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Ҫ¿ʼˡҵ˲Ȼҵľ󺣹˾߿ı
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زϲ̸˳

һĹͲˡ˾еĿԼʲĻֶ
ҺͲȻɺг½еġ˾ԱĹԱ
ԼԸԱѡ֮ǰҸߴ˾ķչ򣺲
ȻĴ󺣹˾ͺ㰲زϲΪĿڶٷչҵĺ֮
ΪĿ꣬־ΪõĽС

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ЩͬҺο˾ΰѡ˺֮˵˲Ȼ
ŵĹƸΰȥ㰲زıΰû
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ȻṩĸнƸ롣ƺĴΰһ˵£˵ȷҪǮ
ΪҪ򷿣ȥ˲ȻĹ˾ôͻһӶѵ
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˾ĲһγΪ˶̨ţҲҵĹ˾һγΪ
ŵǡ

λڣǰд󺣷ز޹˾ʷĽṹԸ
ڸĸ󣬹˾ֳҵ󺣷ز޹˾
ԭ˾İٷ֮ʮʲ˾ԭܾȻΪù˾ĳ
Ͷ³´󺣷ز޹˾Ķ³Ȼʾǽʡǵĺ㰲
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˾κ֮Ķ³ܾʾ³ĺ֮
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ñŲ¥ĽΪ𣬺֮ȥ
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򣬺֮ĿͶϳǡ

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Ҳһڵ¹ĺڻվվߣǷҵ֣վ
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һġϳǡ·棬ҲǱ桢桢
档һͬص㣬Ǻ·һߵȫͬ
硣Ƕÿһжһϳǡ

ϳǾ·档·ԱǶϳŶ
˿չµѧУҽԺгվ
ϳǣȴһĽ䡣

ϳǲǲϳǵĶ棬һƬɽĶˮ⣬Ƕ
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ĻʹٽΣȺɽ֮޽һʮ׸ߵļÿ䣬
ڵƹ£ͶңңӦϳǵ棬ӵ
һ׸ߵĺʯɽ£˽ɽλɽϵģڵ
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˽ȪϵȪˮ·ˣǵõ˵
صžͳȪˮҲΪˣ峯һ
Ȫдˡʦˮ֣ȪˮϷĺʯϡ֣
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ʯ̣ҲǶΨһĦʯ̵ĵط

ԣĻĵطӦϳǡ֮ҪѶϳǣ
ɶĵطּᶨҵֵԼŬ
Ŀꡣ

֮һһҴ뿪Ӱ˳
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33Ժ

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͵ˣҸϰ߱˽ʦȻǵʦģҿҲҲ
Ҳڽ£ҵĹ¿϶үүĺϣñ
һ㣬Ǻǡ

ղźҲǰݴŮ˵飬ʵʱҲ֪
һЩֻ֪ܵмԭȣûȷе֤ݣ
½ۡΣطǮͱ仵һĹɣԺ
ҺܲϲҲ⡣ٴΣȻͲŮйϵÿ
Ͽ϶ؼң˵ںҵġ⣬µķҲе
ΣΪԴ׳Ҿ˺죬ʮ֮ǰһֱ˯
Լһҡ󣬿ҲҪԭΪи
ȥļͥҲȥͺ֡ΪҾֻĵصȺ
һԼ»ص

⣬ղźᵽȻʱ׷ҵ顣ȷʵϸ
СϴѧͬһλȻһֱ׷ң˫
ĸҲ֪¡Ȼ㣬˭ܿóҶûио
ҶԺиоһЩеԭ򣬿ҲǲȻԺ۵
ΪһɡԡȻҵİĽ׷һֱûжԺ˵
ΪǺܺõѣҲϣӰ֮Ĺϵ˵Ȼ
дź͵Ҳûʲôֵ顣

ˣǻصɣ˵׵顣

ߵʱʮ꣬ʵʮնûüһ
ʼܲһʵ޷Ŷ뿪ҡҴķ
Ȼһһ߽һߴķȻԭ
ʱģߵʱûгİҲϸĵر
ܾԡӲˣҾһӰװ
Ȼ׵Ĵͷһϣ׾ͻصҵ
裬˵ߡκңҸΪܿӡ
˵ܵѵʱ򣬴ҾҲ˯ˣֻ
ᵽ

ӴŹһ£Ҳ˶Ѿ˵ʵ
ʵζŻùһЩΪ֮С
Լûмʱ׵Ĳϵĺ߿϶˵ģֻҪһ
ֵʱͷˣôͿоˡΪʲôû緢أΪʲô
û緢أΪʲôû緢أ

ȵҲȥ֮ҿʼԼû˶ӵ
ѾʮˣҲ˸ڡΪʱ˹ҵ
ϰ󣬾һ˺Ҳס̥Ҳ˵һ
ǲԼĺˡôˣ˭ҵأ

˵ĵԽʵͶԽĵģ׵뿪һ
Ӱ죬˵ǵĸ档˵ɣǰϵʱῴ
Ӿ磬ߺҾͲˡǿȥˣΪӾﶼй
ڼͥݣҿ˾ͻĵġٱ˵ǰʱȥ
Ѿۻ죬ߺҾͲȥˡΪֻҪѣǾͻԲͬķ
ʽοңȻҲǺģҲԸġԳϰżȥ
ĸһ϶ǰԼڼڼֿ˵ӣֻܿ飬
ͼͥ޹ص顣Ҳͣ飬һһ
ϾѾ˲ˡЩҿľǡԼ
˹иؿ˺ü顣ⱾС˵дǿ˹иһ
ѣذ׽һһߡڶⱾʱܹ
ԼӲѳֻֽǶݵģһֳ߳
ҵ

˵ճеӰ죬һҰ취ӦѾۻᣬҿ
Զڼ뿴Ӿ磬ҿԿ顣ԹϵӰ죬Ҿûа취ˡ
ʱҵһи߶ģĿΡүүղ˵ģһаѧ
ɼֳΣģࡢӰͨࡣԽõİԽ٣
ʦҲԽáĿĺȷЩϣϴѧϺô
ѧܹõõĽԴӶһеѧʡְַƶǽ
ʮ飬ǴӽȻλУʼġ֮ǰѧУְƽ
ģ˵ÿ඼гɼúͳɼõѧʦҲͬƽ
ѧУѧķְ࣬˲ٵķԵΪ
ƽΪǶԳɼõѧӡҪǴѧУ
ְҲǲѵİ취ΪڵٴأԹĲ֮磬
ҵĽţǾǲְַĽģʽÿ궼Ҫܶ
廪ѧԣһֳģѧص
ôЩѧܾԼȥٴˡΪ˱סЩѧΪ˱֤ѧУ
ѧʺһֻôȻΪߣҲ֪
Գɼõѧ̫ƽʲô취أ

ΪҵĽ̵úܺãѧУĿ̺ƵģĿζ
˵ҲһͳϡңЩģѧǿ϶Ҫȥ
ϴѧģҴϵĻصѧ̹׵˵ô
ѧһֱĶΪԼеԣҵʱ
˵Ƕ׸̫̫ʱǺܲΪȻġһ㶼ں׸
̫̫ݣΪǮҵûκӰ졣ԼĹԼ
ӰĽʦҵǮҲ㹻ԼҾԼһͻƽȶ
̤ʵؽȥûκζܹı˵Ƕ׸ȫ
ʡȫ׸Ҳҵʦҵģ࣬һһ
ѧ

׵߸ıһС

֮ҺҵѧΪźµǵʱ
ҸӻסǰǺ£ҿ԰ǵԼĺһ
ǿģҸˣǵƤҿݣܣһȥͰο
˺ϲһˡǸˣܣǵƤܣܣ
ܡվڽ̨ϣеؽſΣͷȴжӵӰӡ
ȵǸѧڽʱģĳɼһβӰࡣ

ѧУ쵼̸Ҵģ˼Ӱࡣһѧںұٴ
ͨࡣ

ӵ뿪Ӱ쵽ҵĹȻϵĲ˳ӼӼҵĲң
һѭ

ͬ˶ѭĻк죬ڹϺ͹˾ܾȻ˲
͵ķ硣Ҫ˵βҵʱΨһеĶǺ
ڼʱԱǰˣһÿͺͶڼԣ
ǰǲ顣Ҳ֪ʱڼһ
ΪңҪ˵һֱѻάȥͬѡͷϡ
ֵˣѾȥ˸ûжӣǼҴΨһ
ϣڣˣҤݵҲͶˡԣҪΪ
кΪ׸ȥһĹһ̫׵顣
ֻҪһҵλĹԱԽ㷣Ů
Ϊһ㣬Ҷˣ캣飬һͬ⣬Ȼ
԰ⲻҳеΪԼĴ㣬ǵҸĸ֮
Һһȥһžۡ

캣˵ȻԼ̸ҾԤе̯Ƶʱٽˣ
ҪԼһϡһڼҿ飬Ļ
ϲġԼ˹иҶȥź̯
ΣΪҵļɣԼܶÿɵĻظ캣
úֱ˯˶ûлؼҡȵҵڶ
͵ĺҳȻһȥҤүү

ȥҤ·ϣҲûἰ飬˵һЩ޹ʹ
Ҿ룬Լ飬½ӿؼ
𴫳еүү˵ڳֿʼӦԿүүҪ
ԼܷʲôҪޣҪЦͬ顣

үү˵ĵһ仰ҲķȥԺ
һӡ

ʱԱߵĺ죬һɵɵЦſҡҲǴδҤ
·ϣ֮ǰݴŮ˵顣ЩĹ£Ҷ
źЦˡ

иԺѾ˼ʮʷԺмƽһС
ԺӡΪλڸվ֮䣬Ϊ˿ȵ㡣ԭ
עĸԺһڶ෿ز̵Ŀ⡣ȥԺѯ
ӵǰ£ԭԺԺӶõʮ¥ˡ
ڴ˵ǸԺηɱΪȡ˷ز̵Ļ¸˵Ժ
ֻһֻӬ˵滹вϻؽȥأ
һϻӬһķ̼ȥ

Ϊ˸Ժĺһõӡ컹һױױʱ
ԼѾһûкúõױ̨ǰˡԼ̬
ԣ˵̫̫һǰѧУļҳϣһѧҲҲ
ʮճͷءڵױԼȥȥԺ
ġ

ԺεԺϳ˺죬ڵ֪ǵ֮еЩ⣬
ֳʮֵ顣ڸ֪йعӵط
Ȳι˸Ժĸţڼصͻ˸ԺЩĳɼҲ
ᵽ˸Ժļª;ϵ׾ݡֲݡʮԺ
ڽӴһλʩĴƼңһҪ¶Ĳҷ򸾡ڰѸ
Ժǳ˵ԺԺְǴİ칫ҺȲ裬
ҪһʱЩϢաƽʱһӣ
ȴƽĵԺĽܺ߿ࡣһ㶼ûдԺ
ȥӵ˼̲סˣԺܼܲӡ

˼Ҷӵġȱż
ȥ֮ǰҸһЩ飬ЩáԺЦ˵Ȼָ
һ衣

鰡ӦģΪⲻΪԺıְ
Ҳ⣬μͰǵѣҾѵݸһЩ
顣ÿӵˣϣһáĺӡ
Ҳ֪ĺڸԺǺѼģ˱Щȡᡣ
޵﹤ľ飬Ҹ˾Ϣܹõ
ѡ񡣵һǽ棬ĺӲٶнϵ⣬Ҳ⵽
ĸҪԭЩҪҲľǴ
ѡѿȥѿСûӰ졣ң
ǿ޸ģõ޸÷ǳáź
ǣû;ѣֻܽԼ򵥵˵
˼ǣǿһдѵõĹ¶һ
¶䣬ҽǾСһĹ¶֪ȻǸԺԹ
չǾְģԺܻԹ¶иӰ죬Խ
סʱԽյӰҲԽࡣԣҽСһġ
˵ԽСҲԽ׺ͺӽ顣Ժ˵

ҺͺͷлȻԺȥǵĽҡҾƽʱС
طĹ¶ֳҡԺȥСһ࣬
ﶼ֮ڵĺӡЩС·Щҡһʮ
Ľİ̸𿴻Ǻæÿ൹
Զж࣬Ϊ̲ҪжһտСͬʱҪ
ݹ¶ĸĽɫңĺӶٶе㽡ϵ⡣

Ժ˵¶ĲǴѡʮ˵С
ѻռһϣдһЩѾ˽ҡ
ﻹû˵ǲŸãҲҪˡó̶
ЩѵĹ¶رϧһЩﲻͣظһġ
ϵĹ¶ֻ̾ǿӦš

Щ¶Ҽͬʱ˻ǸдѵŮ
Ҳͳµӣҡ˵Ȼдѣ
ޣرЦԸȡãû
ڵ֪ʱ򣬰̺ԺǺԺ
رǵȰȥʡҽԺܰò
ȱݽ͵͵ĳ̶ȡ

ȷԺִǲιҡ
ÿʮ¶ҲǷֱտšΪһЩԵʣ
ǵļҲ񱻷Ŵˣһ۾ܿϵĲȱǵ
ǵĿⶼͶ˹Ŀ⣬֮ǰûмġȻ
վڽ̨Ͽʮ̹꣬ǧƵѧ

ӸԺѾ磬ƣͻȻһ
ҵԺûгֹһ׵Ӱ˵ǹȥһ
Ǵûй顣

뿪˸ԺصԺģȻǸԺĹ¶
رĿ⡣쿴ҵı仯ЦŶ˵ᣬԺ
˻ҲΪԺɡڲι۵ʱҾ뷨
һ¡ܲԺÿԺǮƸԺ
Ĺ¶ĸһЩ

ûзԣʺûʲô뷨

ȰѸԺķؽһ£ķӻǰʮǵģ̫ϣ
ҲáȻÿǾһǮһ棬Ĵѹ¶
ܹȥʡһ棬øԺƸһЩԱﰢ
̵Ĺ߶Թ¶չ˵ҳһ£ؽӴ
ҪԪ֮ÿ껹ҪʮԪǿԸķΧ
˵

ұʾͬ⣬ͬʱѺ죬˴ѻߣﻹһЩҪ
Ĺ¶ಡߡ쿴ЦˣЦ̸ֻ
սʱ־ΥЦңĻصҵߡ

ȵʡǰ괽Ļӻؼңǿʼµң
ǰûΪʵһЩΪ˼ͥѧУҵﻹ
һ֧㣬Һͺ쾭ŻȥĸԺ

34

¿ʼĺܸˣһ
顣ʧȥĲһӶûд߳
˵ģǲͨԼ˸Ժ
ӡ׻˵ƱԺԽԽá

׵ȥӰ쵽˺ޣҲӰ쵽ˡ֪
춼յӰ졣֮󲻾ãͺС
ˡҲ֪Ǿġϸ˵Сһ
µҪ󣬾ǽĶҪաСĸĸԣ˵Ҫͬ
˾ͳװѶӸˡںСֺ󲻵꣬ˡϹ
Ƕһеһλʦʮճͷһ㣬Ҳԣϸ
̫ͬ⣬˵ûԭСã˵˭ϵ˵ͥ
ҪǿԼӪġĻǳ򵥣ܵ͵ڼһ
ֻңᣬԼʦĸĸϸ;޲Ÿպôһ
˸ˡ

֪Ϊʲô͵Ϊʹʱֲٰϲ
¡ȵһ˻ĶҲˡӰһ
͵ϲƣ˱ڻϾ͸ѡǴ¾
ϣ˴ӵ֣

ǵģҤʼ֡Ҥʷǰסݣ
еҵĸסھΪݴ˵ĸȻ
Ҥ

ĳлΪ˶
ͻҲͼ£Ƕ·ˣܸ˵һ档
ڼǰһҺ;һһڵʱ˾Υ
֡һɡšҿĵķΧҼķΧ
Ǵûйġһ㣬ӹҲ֤һֱ
ؿţĿһݵıϡ

Ҳע⵽Ծ˵죬ſ˶̥ߣ
ְҲ̥ˣҪûȥɡͦģ
ûȥһֿԵ⹫ˡҿڶֶ
ˣͽء˵أˡ

ںһƽȶԻĳˣһҲ˼
ŮԣһѵˡԣᾭԾ뿪Ц˵

ǺǣҲŲҪأҵȻ֪飬ֻͶӣһΡ
Ϊ̫ˣҲŲҪΪҪ̥ĻŮ˵Ů
ǸĸСްأƤػش˵

Ҫðɡǰѹ͸Ҫ˰ɣɱˡܰ
Ǻ£ҪȻǼҾ˷ˡ˵

ʱԱ˵ˣ죬үү˵ڼѾһ
ˣû׼һĹŶأǿ԰ȥ
ûǮȥ¡

Цͬˣ˵Ҳ޳ɡᵱʱֻƬ
΢ŷСе˻ĺרҵѹ͹
ȥֹĹˡ

Ĺˣˮһôãƿ
ˡ

ûǺǣǾͺãǾͺãĺܿġʲôҪģҪ
Һú롣

ˣһҪĻǾǲ÷ˡ

ȥ귢飬Ҳ°ɣӦѧУѧ֮󲻾áҺ
ȵ¿˲÷죬˵ΪѾѧˣ÷Ӧ
ѧӡ

壬

÷ҹȥȥ졣Ҥֱ˾ʣһţ
Բ÷ֱӽˡ߹ȥʲ÷Ϊʲôûȥӡ

ӳˣ

÷˵ЩԥЩ쳣ķ

壬ǰڳһ˳ͦ˼ѧ

ʵë󶫣
Һʵ档
ͷԵСƽ
Ӱ˽
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